flexibility and factors that impact movement Flashcards by Brianna D

flexibility

ability of a joint to move through a full ROM in a single plane

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ROM

full movement potential of a joint measured by linear or angular distance beterrn two limits

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mobility

movement ability during multi-joint actions which rely on the coordination of several muscle groups and body segments

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flexibility and mobility are ___ but not ____

interrelated
synonymous

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a client may have goof flexibility at a single joint, but poor ____ in the same area

mobility

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differences between bilateral joint movement capabilities depend upon several variables including

genetic variations
strength, balance
connective tissue discrepancy
joint injury
activity participation
activation issues
resting postural alignment

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asymmetrical postures created by bilateral ROM disparities increase the risk for

injury and promote faulty movement patterns

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benefits of flexibility

increased movement range
reduction in the rate of functional decline
postural symmetry
stress reduction
reduced tension
muscle relaxation
reduced incidence of muscle cramps
reduced risk of injury
relief of muscle pain
improved quality of life

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activities that emphasize flexibility reduce musculoskeletal stress via

alleviation of tension
reduction of psychomotor distraction
improved state of overall relaxation

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hyper mobility

movement capacity of a joint beyond the normal ROM

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hypermobility compromises

stability

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soft tissue in the human body include

muscle and fascia
tendons and ligaments
skin, fat, collagen
synovial membranes
nerves and blood vessels

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elasticity

property that allows stretched tissue to return to its original form

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plasticity

ability of tissue to become permanently deformed or elongated after being stretched

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viscosity

variable fluid resistance to stretch within soft tissue, can be reduced with warm up

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the collagen content of a tissue primarily determines

extensibility, capability to be stretched

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joint capsule tissue, ligaments and fascia have ___ collagen content

high

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elastin fibers allows for

greater stretching and deformation potential

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contributors to movement resistance:
joint capsule __%
muscle fascia __%
tendon __%
skin __%

47
41
10
2

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high muscle/joint stress can cause _____ which can manifest as

myofascial restriction
movement dysfunction, trigger points, pain

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restriction and trigger points can be alleviated using different treatments, including

stretching
manual massage
thermotherapy
electrotherapy
acupuncture
pressure rolling using foam rollers and related devices

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three primary proprioceptors are used for

neural management of ROM

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muscle spindles

receptors that identify stretch length/speed

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muscle spindles not activated with ____ but will activate to _____

slow, controlled stretches
to prevent overstretch

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golgi tendon organs located in the

musculotendinous junction

golgi tendon organ contributes to

autogenic inhibition of muscle to protect from a tear or overstretch

autogenic inhibition

reduction in muscle excitability in response to high tension

autogenic inhibition self induced by

the muscle due to negative feedback signaled by activation of proprioceptors

mechanoreceptors

found in synovial joints in a number of varieties to serve many functions

mechanoreceptor functions

signal direction, amplitude, joint movement velocity regulate changes in joint pressure and muscle tone contribute to postural and kinesthetic sensations inhibit or signal pain within a joint based on need produce reflex inhibition of muscles acting on the joint

another neural factor that influences tissue elongation is the relationship between

agonist-antagonist muscle pairs

when one muscle contracts the other is signaled to relax via

reciprocal inhibition

relaxation of musculature on one side of a joint to accommodate a contraction of opposing musculature on the opposite side

loss of flexibility with age is attributed to

reduction in sarcomeres which are replaced with lipids and collagen fibers

progression of flexibility loss depends on

genetics, health status, fitness level, routine physical activity performed

females display greater ROM in specific movements compared to males due to anatomical variances including

pelvis is broader at the top and narrower at the bottom greater ROM through elbow extension due to differences in the olecranon provess greater trunk ROM is attributed to relatively shorter leg lengths and lowers center of gravity

body mass can potentially impede flexibility among

bodybuilders who are very muscular or among the obese

________ can help maintain greater relative flexibility

heavy weightlifting via full ROM

immobility substantially affects muscle tissue

length

common injury-related ROM problems include

bursitis tendonitis impingement syndromes fasciitis

bursitis

painful inflammation of soft, fluid-filled sacs that cushion movement between bones, tendons and muscles near joint

contributing factors of bursitis

overuse or injury incorrect posture at work or rest poor conditioning before exercise or sports participation abnormal or poorly-positioned joints/bones

tendonitis

inflammation, swelling, and irritation of a tendon; can be caused by overuse, direct injury, and aging

common sites of tendonitis

rotator cuff biceps tennis elbow jumpers knee achilles golfers elbow de quervain IT band

impingement sundrome

painful entrapment of a tendon between bony aspects of a joint; most common shoulder

fasciitis

fascia across a body segment becomes inflammed most common is plantar fasciitis

shoulder impingement most often occurs in repetitive _____ activites like ___, ____, ____, ____

overhead swimming serving tennis ball spiking volleyball throwing baseball

several diseases can cause ROM limitations, the most common of these include

osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout

osteoarthritis

degenerative joint disorder with aging which commonly impacts the hips, knees, toes, spine

with OA, connective tissue loses their elasticity and _____ can occur

bone spurs

rheumatoid arthritis

inflammatory, autoimmune joint disorder which can cause notable dysfunction, immobility, disability, premature death

rheumatoid arthritis commonly impacts

synovial joints at the wrists shoulders, knees, ankles, feet

gout

arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid which forms painful crystals; ball of the big to

common site of gout

ball of big toe

gout often impacts _____ and is related to _____

older males rich diet, alcohol intake

factors affecting flexibility

knowledge of stretching techniques time availability identified deficiencies clients pain tolerance and interest imbalances injury orthopedic limitations disease

___________ refers to movement ability during multi0joint actions which rely on coordination of several muscle groups and body segments a. flexibility b. range of motion c. extensibility d. mobility

which of the following are accurate concerning hypermobility a. hypermobility compromises stability b. hypermobility increases the risk for injury c. hypermobile joints should be strengthened d. all of the above are correct

which of the following terms refer to the ability of tissue to become permanently deformed or elongated after being stretched? a. elasticity b. plasticity c. viscosity d. none of the above are correct

which of the following have the greatest impact on movement resistance for a joint or body segment a. skin b. tendons c. muscle fascia d. joint capsule

which of the following is associated with the entrapment of a tenon between bony aspects of a joint a. fasciitis syndrome b. bursitis c. osteoarthritis d. impingement syndrome

which of the following is an autoimmune disorder that causes notable joint dysfunction and immobility a. osteoarthritis b. osteophytes c. rheumatoid arthritis d. gout

___ are located in the musculotendinous junction and can create autogenic inhibition of muscle to protect it from a tear or overstretch

golgi tendon organs

____ refers to the relaxation of musculature on one side of a joint to accommodate a contraction of opposing musculature on the opposite side

reciprocal inhibition

true or false? improvement sin flexibility can actually impact stress

true

true or false? flexibility is reduced with age as the body replaces sarcomeres in muscles with lipids and collagen fibers in a process called sarcopenia

false

true or false? females display greater ROM at the pelvis, elbows and trunk due to anatomical variances when compared with males

true

identify at least three factors that can contribute to bilateral joint ROM discrepancies

genetic variations strength balance connective tissue discrepancies joint injury activity participation activation issues resting postural alignment

identify at least three benefits of flexibility

increased movement range reduction in the rate of functional decline postural symmetry stress reduction reduced tension muscle relaxation reduced incidence of muscle cramps reduced risk of injury relief of muscle pain improved quality of life

identify at least three ways to potentially alleviate trigger points and pain associated with myofascial restriction

stretching, manual massage, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, acupressure, foam rolling