Flowering plants as functioning organsims

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

A process which in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

Question 2

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 2

The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes).

Question 3

Osmosis

Answer 3

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated one, thus equalising the concentrations on each side of membrane.

Question 4

Root hair cells

Answer 4

Each of a large number of elongated microscopic outgrowths from the outer layer of cells in a root, absorbing moisture and nutrients from the soil

Question 5

Cells

Answer 5

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane

Question 6

Xylem Tissue

Answer 6

Xylem tissue is the water transporter cells of plants. It carried water around s plant. The presence of vessels is s characteristic feature of flowering plants.

Question 7

Transpiration

Answer 7

The act of plants giving off water vapour through the stomata.

Question 8

Chlorophyll

Answer 8

A green pigment, present in all green plants and in Cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.

Question 9

Stomata

Answer 9

Any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a silt of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.

Question 10

Phloem cells

Answer 10

A tissue in vascular plants that conducts food from the leaves and other photosynthetic tissues to other plant parts

Question 11

Stem cells

Answer 11

Cells that have the ability to divide and become specialised cell.

Question 12

Mitosis

Answer 12

A type of cell division where one parent cell divides to produce two daughter cells with identical genetic instructions carried in their DNA.

Question 13

Chromosomes

Answer 13

When the cell divides the modules condense into structures called chromosomes which are visible under the light microscope

Question 14

Vegetative reproduction

Answer 14

Is the process when your plants arise without the production of seeds. In plants asexual reproduction is generally referred to as vegetative reproduction. It occurs in specialised cells tissues roots, stem and leaf of some flowering plants

Question 15

Budding

Answer 15

A single bud of the desired plant is inserted into a dolt in the bark of a compatible root stock. Disease resistant root stocks can be used to improve plant health in the new plant

This is one plant cloning technique

Question 16

Grafting

Answer 16

Similar to budding but a number of buds, shoots or twigs can be placed on the stock. This technique can be used to produce one tree, such as a peach tree, but with branches of different varieties of peach that ripen at different times and have different desirable qualities

Question 17

Cuttings

Answer 17

Segments of a plant, usually the stem, are cut and inserted into water or a growth medium. New roots will grow and the plant is eventually transplanted

Question 18

Layering

Answer 18

Exposing part of the stem to soil or moisture-holding materials such as sphagnum moss to achieve the best root development. Once the root system is sufficiently established, the offspring can be serve red from the parent

Question 19

Pollination

Answer 19

Pollination is the transfer of pollen (the male sex cell) into the female reproductive organ

Question 20

Gametes

Answer 20

Gametes is in a special type of division called meiosis

Question 21

Meiosis

Answer 21

Meiosis has two division to enable this halving of genetic material. The first division separates the pairs of chromosome; the second division is similar to mitosis. The final product has 4 daughter cells that have only half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.

Question 22

Zygote

Answer 22

A new organism is the result of the Union or fertilisation of two gametes, usually one male gamete, which restores the full complement of chromosomes to the cells of the first cell of the new organism, called the zygote

Question 23

Anther

Answer 23

Male

Question 24

Ovary

Answer 24

Female

Question 25

Carpel

Answer 25

The ovary sits below a stalk-like style that is topped by a sticky stigma, and together they form the carpel

Question 26

Self-pollination

Answer 26

Self-pollination involves pollen from a flower landing on its own stigma or that of another flower on the same plant

Question 27

Cross-pollination

Answer 27

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from one flower lands on the stigma of a flower on a different plant, producing greater variation.

Question 28

Photosynthesis

Answer 28

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesise food from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 29

Osmosis

Answer 29

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

Question 30

the advantages of sexual reproduction in flowers

Answer 30

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of male and female gametes, the transfer of the male gametes to the female ovules in a process called pollination. After pollination occurs, fertilization happens and the ovules grow into seeds within a fruit.

Question 31

all the requirements of the cells of a flowering plant for photosynthesis

Answer 31

Carbon Dioxide+Water+Light Energy=Glucose+Oxygen

Question 32

Define vegetative reproduction

Answer 32

A type of asexual reproduction employed by plants wherein new independent individuals emerge from the vegetative parts of plants, such as specialized stems, leaves, roots, and not from seeds or spores.

Question 33

Recall the relationship between diffusion and osmosis.

Answer 33

Osmosis deals with the direction of the motion of water across a membrane. Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region oh higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Question 34

Explain why the stem is important in flowering plants.

Answer 34

The stem is a part of the plant that holds up other structures such as the leaves and flowers . This is important as the leaves need to be held up to the sun to get its energy and grow.

Question 35

Describe the role of the root system in flowering plants.

Answer 35

The root system consists of two different types of roots, taproot and fibrous. Roots anchor the plant in the soil, they absorb water, minerals and nutrients and they contain xylem and phloem tissue for transport.

Question 36

Explain how the structure of a root hair is related to its function

Answer 36

Behind the root cap is a thick white down consisting of thousands of tiny hairs. This means a large surface area. This part of the root has the function of absorbing water, with mineral salts dissolved in it, from the soil

Question 37

Fertilisation

Answer 37

The action or process of fertilising a egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote