Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances Flashcards Preview

Beau's Patho Comp Review 1 > Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances > Flashcards

Flashcards in Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances Deck (30)
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1
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone

A

Controls output through urine (Fluid retention)

Increases reabsorption of water from kidney tubules into blood

2
Q

Aldosterone

A

Increases reabsorption of sodium (and water)

3
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

A

Reduces reabsorption of sodium (and water)
Promotes sodium/water loss
Reduces BP

4
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Filtration

Fluid move through a filter from higher to lower pressure

5
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Osmosis

Movement of water from low solute to high solute concentration

6
Q

Edema Causes

A

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Loss of plasma proteins (albumin)
Obstruction of lymphatic circulation
Increased capillary permeability

7
Q

Sodium

A

Primary cation in extracellular fluid

8
Q

Potassium

A

Primary cation in intracellular fluid

9
Q

Hyponatremia Causes

A

Excessive sweating/vomiting/diarrhea
Insufficient aldosterone
Excessive ADH
Excessive water intake

10
Q

Hyponatremia Symptoms

A

Impaired nerve conduction

Decreased BP (hypovolemia) from fluid shifting into cells

11
Q

Hypernatremia Causes

A

Insufficient ADH - results in dilute urine

Loss of thirst mechanism

12
Q

Hypernatremia Symptoms

A
Fluid shit out of cells
Edema
Weakness
Agitation
*Increased BP*
13
Q

Hypokalemia Causes

A

Excessive losses due to diarrhea
Excessive aldosterone/glucocorticoids
Alkalosis

14
Q

Hypokalemia Symptoms

A

Cardiac dysrhythmia

Interference with neuromuscular function

15
Q

Hyperkalemia Causes

A

Deficit of aldosterone

Acidosis

16
Q

Hyperkalemia Symptoms

A

Cardiac dysrhythmia

Muscles weakness

17
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A

Increases calcium in blood

18
Q

Calcitonin

A

Deceases calcium in blood

19
Q

Hypocalcemia Causes

A

Hypoparathyroidism
Alkalosis
Malabsorption syndrome

20
Q

Hypocalcemia Symptoms

A

Increase in the permeability and excitability of nerve membranes -> twitching, tetany
Weak heart contractions

21
Q

Hypercalcemia Causes

A

Uncontrolled release of calcium ions from bones (neoplasm)

Hyperparathryoidism

22
Q

Hypercalcemia Symptoms

A

Depressed neuromuscular activity (muscle weakness)

Increased strength in cardiac contractions

23
Q

Acidosis

A

Excess hydrogen ions

Decrease in serum pH

24
Q

Alkalosis

A

Deficit of hydrogen ions

Increase in serum pH

25
Q

Respiratory

A

Changes in CO2 levels

26
Q

Metabolic

A

Changes in HCO3 levels

27
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

CO2 levels increase

28
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

CO2 levels decrease

29
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

HCO3 levels go down

30
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

HCO3 levels go up