Fluids, Electrolytes, and Vitamins

Question 1

What does Potassium (K+) do?

Answer 1

Contract muscles (smooth, cardiac, and skeletal)

Question 2

What does Magnesium (Mg++) do?

Answer 2

Helps with nerve impulse transmission and enzyme reactions

Question 3

What does Sodium (Na+) do?

Answer 3

Maintain pH balance, normal heart action, and regulation of osmotic pressure in cells

Question 4

What does Calcium (Ca++) do?

Answer 4

Help with nerve and muscle functions, clotting of blood, build bones and teeth

Question 5

Lactated ringers (LR) IV fluid solution

Answer 5

Trauma, burning s, OB procedure where a lot of blood loss occurs

Question 6

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)

Answer 6

Compatible with blood products, pt with HF or kidney disease

Question 7

1/2 normal saline (0.45% NaCl)

Answer 7

Pt with hypernatremia (high sodium Na) or excessive edema

Question 8

Plasma-Lyte A

Answer 8

Used in place of LR, compatible with blood products

Question 9

Dextrose in water

Answer 9

Dehydrate/ to reduce potassium/sodium blood levels

Question 10

S/s of fluid overload

Answer 10

Hyponatremia, wheezing. Headache, weakness, blurred vision, weight gain, high bp

Question 11

Fluid volume excess interventions

Answer 11

Semi-fowler’s, check for edema, monitor vitals, I&O, daily weight, hematocrit and electrolyte levels, admin O2/diuretics/restrict fluids/low sodium diet as prescribed

Question 12

Fluid volume deficit causes, assess, and interventions

Answer 12

Causes: vomiting, diarrhea, GI suctioning, ostomy drainage, diuretics cause more urine output
Assess: thirst, skin turgor, dry mucosa, high hr, thready pulse, dyspnea, urine color dark and volume down
Interventions: find cause and treat, IV fluids, O2, test urine concentration, monitor vitals/resp status/daily weight/I&O/hematocrit and electrolyte levels

Question 13

Electrolyte normal lab values

Answer 13

Mg: 1.5-2.5
K: 3.5-5.0
Ca: 4.5-5.3
Na: 132-145

Question 14

Which electrolyte needs to be consumed daily b/c doesn’t store?

Answer 14

Potassium (K)

Question 15

Which electrolyte cannot be crushed?

Answer 15

K

Question 16

Relationship between sodium and lithium?

Answer 16

Hyponatremia diminishes lithium elimination which leads to lithium toxicity

Question 17

Pt need to be on monitor when taking which electrolyte?

Answer 17

K

Question 18

Oliguria

Answer 18

Not a lot of urine

Question 19

Azotemia

Answer 19

Abnormal high volume of nitrogen in blood

Question 20

Anuria

Answer 20

No urine

Question 21

ACE Inhibitor used with K

Answer 21

Risk for hyperkalemia

Question 22

Digoxin used with K

Answer 22

Risk for digoxin toxicity

Question 23

CNS depressants used with Mg

Answer 23

Increased CNS depression

Question 24

Digoxin used with Mg

Answer 24

Heart block can occur

Question 25

Atenolol used with Ca

Answer 25

Effect of atenolol decrease, decreased beta blockade

Question 26

What is metabolic acidosis and how to treat it?

Answer 26

Blood pH < 7.35, treat with alkalinizing drug (HCO3), increase pH in blood

Question 27

What is metabolic alkalosis and how to treat it?

Answer 27

Excess of bicarb (HCO3) increased pH in blood, treat with acidifying drugs (ammonium chloride), reduce pH in blood

Question 28

Hypovolemia causes what?

Answer 28

deficient fluid volume

Question 29

What to do when getting Ca ready?

Answer 29

Warm the solution up to body temp

Question 30

What to keep in mind when administering K?

Answer 30

Liquid K has salty taste so give with juice, don't crush or chew oral pills

Question 31

Fat-soluble vitamin

Answer 31

Can dissolve in fat and oil, absorb with fats in diet, stored in fatty tissue

Question 32

Water-soluble vitamins:

Answer 32

Can dissolve in water, carried to tissues but not stored in body

Question 33

What vitamins are fat-soluble?

Answer 33

K, A, D, E

Question 34

What vitamins are stored in the liver?

Answer 34

K, A, D

Question 35

Where is vitamin E stored?

Answer 35

In fatty tissues throughout the body

Question 36

Vitamin A

Answer 36

Essential for vision: prevents night blindness Needed for fat metabolism Deficiency: dry skin, poor teeth development, night blindness Excess: birth defects during pregnancy High dose can be toxic to liver

Question 37

Vitamin D

Answer 37

Develop bone and retention and absorption of Ca and Phosphorus Regulated BP, hormone production, immune and nervous system Deficiency: rickets (children), tooth and bone deformation, fractures, osteoporosis, tetany (softening of bone in children), osteomalacia (softening of bone in adults) Excess: diarrhea, renal calculi, redness of skin, dizziness, muscle/bone pain, vertigo

Question 38

Vitamin E

Answer 38

Form RGBs and muscles, support immune system, act as an antioxidant Deficiency is rare b/c adults have large stores in adipose tissue Excess: muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, large doses can decrease clotting time

Question 39

Vitamin K

Answer 39

Clot blood, form strong bones Deficiency: increased clotting time, blood in urine and stool, bruising Excess: no known reaction Newborns cannot store vitamin K!

Question 40

Which vitamins are water-soluble?

Answer 40

B, C

Question 41

Vitamin B

Answer 41

Support immune and nervous systems, improve metabolism, maintain healthy skin and muscles, help with stress, depression, and cardiac disease, alcoholism

Question 42

Vitamin C also called? And uses?

Answer 42

Ascorbic acid, produce and maintain connective tissue, bones, and teeth Aids in iron absorption, antioxidant, tissue repair and wound healing, reduce cancer, increase vision Deficiency: capillaries are fragile, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, easily bruises Excess: diarrhea, stomach pain

Question 43

Vitamin food sources?

Answer 43

Green leaf veggies, orange/yellow veggies, dairy products, whole grains, beef, poultry, egg yolks, seafood, pork, beans and lentils, fruits citrus

Question 44

B9

Answer 44

Prevent birth defects Deficiency: anorexia, diarrhea, lose weight, irritability, anemia Excess: hypersensitivity reaction