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Flashcards in Food and behaviour Deck (12)
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1
Q

EXAM Q: What is malnutrition?

A
  • Deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients
  • Covers:
    1. Undernutrition: includes stunting (low height for age), wasting (low weight for height), underweight (low weight for age)
    2. Overweight
2
Q

What factors influence what and how much we eat?

A

Genetics, employment (shift work), early developmental factors, TV viewing / adverts (e.g. offers), characteristics of food (energy density, macronutrient compositions, satiety and satiation, portion size), reduced physical activity, sleep, environmental cues, psychological factors (e.g. emotional eaters), early influences on feeding behaviour

3
Q

give some examples of chronic medical conditions requiring nutritional support

A
  • Cancer
  • CF
  • Coeliac disease
  • IBD
  • T1DM (diabulimia)
  • T2DM
  • FTT
  • Eating disorders
  • Obesity/overweight
4
Q

EXAM Q: what are some early influences on feeding behaviour?

A
  • In-utero: maternal diet can affect amniotic fluid (which fetus swallows) + taste preference development (early flavour exposure)
  • Role of breastfeeding for tatse preference + bodyweight regulation
  • Parenting practices
  • Other: age of intro to solid foods, types of foods exposed to during weaning period
5
Q

how is the in utero environment affected by diet?

A
  • Amniotic fluid influenced by maternal diet

- In utero environment influences taste exposure (of fetus)

6
Q

Who is breastfeeding low in?

A
  • young mothers

- disadvantaged/low socioeconomic class mothers

7
Q

What is the composition of breast milk?

A
o	Clostrum (1st 3d after birth)
o	Foremilk (beginning of feed) - watery
o	Hindmilk (end of feed) – energy dense
o	Contains:
♣	Enzymes (lipase…)
♣	Anti-infective
♣	Gut protection (e.g. GF)
♣	Everyday health (antibodies…)
8
Q

In terms of bodyweight regulation, what are the advantages of breastfeeding? How?

A
  • Breast feeding may protect against later obesity (HOWEVER, NOT MUCH EVIDENCE) but has other advantages
  • How? Breast milk contains leptin (involved in appetite regulation), formula feeding mothers feed to a schedule whilst breast feeding mothers feed based on hunger (less likely of overfeeding)*…etc

*to combat this: can instruct formula feeding mothers to feed on demand

9
Q

how might parents overcome fussy eating?

A
  • Bribing/rewards (paradoxical effect: food as an incentive to eat a novel food increases liking for the reqard + reduces liking for the novel food)
  • Punishment
  • Hiding vegetables in food
  • Slowly introducing (repeated exposure) – doesn’t have to eat until ready
10
Q

what is the paradoxical effect of using food as a reward (e.g. can have ice cream if you have broccoli)?

A

food as an incentive to eat a novel food increases liking for the reqard + reduces liking for the novel food

11
Q

what are non-organic feeding disorders?

A

Characterized by feeding aversion, food refusal, food selectivity, fussy eaters, failure to advance to age-appropriate foods, negative mealtime interactions

12
Q

Q: what feeding practices can be use to by parents to encourage good eating behaviours? (Give 4)

A
  • Modeling “healthful” eating behaviours
  • Responsive feeding: Recognizing hunger and fullness cues
  • Providing a variety of foods
  • Avoiding pressure to eat
  • Restriction makes children want it more
  • Authoritative parenting/ Authoritarian parenting
  • Not using food as a reward
  • Indulgent/ neglectful feeding practice