Types of Hunger
2 types of hunger
- to be physically hungry
- satisfy a craving
Food Taboos
Food Taboos
- eating identifies differences in cultures
- religious
- defines a group and their identity
Food in Social Structure not the same Historically
Food in the social structure was not the same Historically
- our current time poor people eat more fast food than affluent
- idea of social structure continues
- Advertising got people to believe fast food is good for you
Groups have an identity that that is SHAPED around what they eat and what they don’t eat
Expansion of Sugar
Sugar
- started to become a global commodity
- becomes luxury for Europeans
- increase in slaves (by Europeans) decreases the price of crops
- Europeans become merchant elites
- becomes more accessible to society
- becomes the main stay for European diet (used in all food)
First globalized economy
- access filters down to middle class
- accessible to everyone
Sugar & The Social Structure
Sugar & The Social Structure
- notion of power
- control commodity realizes the value
- controlled by middle person
- control commodity gain political economic power
- there is revolving for gov. official and food companies
Food Production
- Consumption patterns shape identity
- Things do change
- Being constructed by advertisement, globalization
- Critically analyzing it makes you see who benefits?
Through Geographers we learn
Through Geographers we learn
- most food cooked by women
- culture in relation to environment (benefits of landscape; rivers banks, etc.)
- used environment to find and eat food
- majority of food eaten, we domesticated (same time around the world)
- long distance maritime (things related to sea) moving plants around the world
- research foodwaste
Food Chain & Sugar
Food Chain & Sugar
- sugar is being transformed by food chains
- demand fits in social hierarchy
- Parallels the world
Subsistence Strategies
Subsistence (maintaining at minimum) Strategies
- tells us alternative headways about food production
- tied to oil economy
Where is food produced
Where is food produced
- in the tropics
- with temperate climate
Types of Crops/farming
Types of Crops/farming
Monocrop & Monoculture
- in the northern hemisphere
- was called fixed farms
- had cattle and crops
Poplycrop
- found in the tropics
- seasonality and cold weather affects crops (killing)
- rational system of agriculture – more crops grown at once increases biodiversity of farm
- growing variety of crops utilizes all areas of soil
Food & Identity
Food & Identity
- food helps people identify who they are
- ex. Middle class didn’t have sugar until it became cheap & accessible
- had to buy food because they could no longer grown them
Sugar becomes more accessible
Sugar becomes more accessible
- consumption encouraged because it gave people more energy to work
Power Relations
Power Relations
- things can change including identity
- how you treat animals correlated how you treat people
Cultural funds of knowledge
Cultural funds of knowledge
- passed down through generations
- gender specifically passed down (men do this, women do that)
- striving to achieve diets rich in nutrients
- trying to understand food as something we grow and the process in between
Monoculture & Polyculture
Monoculture – before the industrial
• Only one crop at a time
Polyculture – tropics of the world; used to conserve soil
• Corn, beans, squash – Trifecta
• 3 different crops that you can grow in the same place
Food Scientist - 5 taste
Recognize 5 taste • Sour • Bitter • Sweet • Salty • Umami – savory – southeast Asian – fermented fish taste
What taste good is actually culturally mediated
Crops
Two different types of Crops • Root crops Tubers o Potato o Sugarcane o Yams o Bananas o Come from tropical areas o Grows under the ground o Vegetative reproduction o Can use the root to plant a new one • Seed crops o Major Vegetables o Rice o Corn o Take seed and put them in the soil o Grow above the soil
Tubers
Tubers
• Ground itself. You don’t have to harvest. You can move around
• Continuously harvested 6 mo.-2 years
• What you want to eat is underground so it limits the animals from eating it
• Identical relative of the original
Seeds
Seeds
• Stay in places where they could protect their food reserves
• Lots of different types of varieties
Farming Systems
- Drying technique
- Keeping a variety of systems
- People went for variety vs just one
- People were deliberately growing red corn, purple corn – they would create spontaneous breeds