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surface ana > Forearm and hand > Flashcards

Forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Proximal: Lateral supracondylar ridge

Distal: Styloid process of radius

Innervation: Radial nerve

Action: flexes elbow, supinates and pronates radioulnar joint from midposition

palpation:- get patient to get into hammer curl position
-place hand on patient’s forearm and get patient to resist

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2
Q

Pronator teres

A

Proximal: Humeral Head: Medial epicondyle, Ulnar Head: Coranoid Process

Distal: 1/2 lateral side of radius

Innervation: Median nerve

Action: Pronates radioulnar joint

palpation: -Supinate the patient’s palm
-palpate diagonally from medial
-Get patient to slowly turn the arm

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3
Q

Supinator

A

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Distal: 1/3 proximal radial shaft (lateral side)

Innervation: Radial nerve

Action: Supinates radioulnar joint

palpation: -Pronate the patient’s arm, face pam down.
-push the muscles away and sink the finger in
-Ask patient to turn the palm up gently… feel the contractions

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4
Q

Name the bones and joints on the forearm. (8)

A

Radius

Radial head

Radial Shaft

Humero-ulnar joint

Humeroradial joint

Ulna

Ulna head

Styloid process

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5
Q

Name the 8 bones on the hand.

A

Scaphoid

Lunate

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Pisiform

Hamate, Hook of hamate

Capitate

Triquetrum

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6
Q

Extensor indicis proprius

A

Proximal: Interosseous membrane, 1/3 proximal ulna

Distal:Base of proximal phalanx & dorsal expansion of 2nd digit

Innervation: Posterior interosseous

actions: PIP/DIP: extends 2nd finger
MCP: extends 2nd finger
Wrist: assists in extending wrist

Palpation: tap the index finger

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7
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Proximal: Lateral humeral epicondyle and lateral supracondylar ridge

Distal: Base of 2nd metacarpal

Innervation: Radial nerve

actions: Wrist: extends and radially deviates

Palpation: -Palpate for Lister’s tubercle.
-Get patient to form a fist and arch it up upwards.
-When fingers are extended, ECRL is gone.

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8
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Proximal: Lateral humeral epicondyle

Distal: Base of 3rd metacarpal

Innervation: Radial nerve

actions: Wrist: extends

Palpation: Unlikely to be palpated

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9
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (Common extensor tendon)

Distal: Base of proximal phalanx & dorsal expansion 5th digit

Innervation: Posterior interosseous

actions: PIP/DIP: extends 5ht finger
MCP: extends 5th finger

Wrist: assists in extending finger

Palpation: -palpate distally to the ulnar styloid process
-Tap the little finger

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10
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Proximal:Common extensor tendon, 3/4 proximal ulna

Lateral epicondyle

Distal: Base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: Posterior interosseous (deep radial nerve)

actions: Wrist: extends and ulnarly deviates

Palpation: - Extend the wrist and ulnar deviate
Palpate the muscle belly along ulnar side, below lateral epicondyle

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11
Q

Extensor digitorum communis

A

Proximal: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor attachment)

Distal: Base of 2nd to 5th phalanx and dorsal expansion

Innervation: Posterior interosseous (deep radial nerve)

actions: DIP/PIP: assists in extending IP joints
MCP: extend 2-5th finger
Wrist: assists in extending wrist

Palpation: - extend the fingers at the MCP joints

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12
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Proximal: (medial epicondyle of humerus)

Distal: Base of 2nd metacarpals

Innervation: Median nerve

actions: Wrist: flexes and radially deviates

Palpation: Form a fist and flex.
Palpate the tendon lateral to the palmaris longus

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13
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus)

Distal: Palmar aponeurosis

Innervation: Median nerve

actions: Wrist: Flexes

Palpation: Touch the tip of the pinky and thumb and flex the wrist.

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14
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Proximal: Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle of humerus)

Distal: Medial & lateral sides of 2nd-5th middle phalanges

Innervation: Median nerve

actions: MCP: flexes 2nd to 5th fingers
PIP: flexes 2nd to 5th fingers
Wrist: assists with flexion

Palpation: Make a fist, flex the wrist and palpate the tendon medial to the palmaris longus

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15
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Proximal: Interosseous membrane, 2/3 proximal ulna

Distal: Base of 2nd-5th distal phalanges

Innervation: MEDIAN branch of ULNAR nerve to medial FDP
RADIAL branch of MEDIAN nerve Radial branch of median nerve to lateral FD

actions: DIP: flexes 2nd to 5th finger
PIP: assist with flexion of 2nd to 5th finger
MCP: assists with flexion
Wrist: assists with flexion

Palpation: stabilize middle phalanx, get patient to flex distal phalanx

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16
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Proximal: Common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle of humerus)

Distal: Pisiform

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

actions: Wrist: flexes and ulnarly deviates

Palpation: FCU is attached to pisiform. Palpate the tendon between styloid process of the ulna and pisiform.
Get the patient to flex and ularly deviate the wrist

17
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal: Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Distal: Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation: Median nerve

actions: MCP: abducts thumb
CMC: abducts thumb and assists with opposition

Palpation: palpate the muscle from the thenar side, instruct patient to abduct the thumb

Apply some resistance on the distal end of the 1st metacarpal

18
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal: Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Distal: Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation: Median nerve

actions: MCP: flexes thumb
CMC: flexes thumb

Palpation: after palpating abductor pollicis brevis, move medially on the thenar eminence, lightly flexes the thumb.

19
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Proximal: Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Distal: Along entire lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal
Innervation: Median nerve

actions: CMC: flexes, abducts and medially rotates 1st metarcarpal to face the palm and touch 5th finger

Palpation: difficult to palpate

20
Q

Adductor pollicis - thenar

A

Proximal: Two heads:
Transverse head: 3rd metacarpal
Oblique head: capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

Distal: Base on 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve

actions: CMC: adducts thumb towards palm

Palpation: Cannot palpate the muscle belly.
But can palpate for the contraction in the web space between thumb and index finger

21
Q

Abductor digiti minim- hypothenar

A

Proximal: Pisiform bone

Distal: Medial aspect of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve

actions: CMC: abducts 5th finger

Palpation: palpate the medial aspect of 5th metacarpal.
Instruct patient to abduct the little finger away from hand

22
Q

Flexor digiti minimi- hypothenar

A

Proximal: Hook of hamate bone and flexor retinaculum

Distal: Medial aspect of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve

actions: PIP: flexes 5th finger
MCP: flexes 5th finger

Palpation: Move the palpating finger from abductor digtii minimi laterally , instruct patient to flex the little finger ,against resistance

23
Q

Opponens digiti minimi- hypothenar

A

Proximal: Hook of hamate bone and flexor retinaculum

Distal: Medial border of 5th proximal phalanx

Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve

actions: CMC: flexes, abducts and medially rotates 5th metarcarpal to face and touch thumb

Palpation: Difficult to palpate

24
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Proximal: Interosseous membrane, middle 1/3 ulna

Distal: Base of 1st distal phalanx

Innervation: Posterior interosseous

actions: IP: extends thumb
MCP: extends thumb
CMC: extends thumb
Wrist: assists with extension

Palpation: Make the “anatomical snuffbox”, observe and palpate the EPL when the patient actively extends the thumb

25
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Proximal: Dorsal body of Radius and Interosseous membrane

Distal: Base of 1st proximal phalanx

Innervation: Posterior interosseous

actions: MCP: extends thumb
CMC: extends thumb
Wrist: assists with extension

Palpation: Palpate near the radial border, instruct patient to extend slowly without abducting the thumb

26
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Proximal: Interosseous membrane, 1/3 distal ulna & radius

Distal: Radial side of base of 1st metacarpal

Innervation: Posterior interosseous

actions: MCP: abducts and extends thumb
CMC: abducts thumb
Wrist: assists in radial deviation

Palpation: palpate the tendon at the base of the 1st metarcarpal bone on the radial side of the extensor pollicis brevis.

27
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Proximal: Middle 1/3 of radius & interosseous membrane

Distal: Base of 1st distal phalanx

Innervation: Anterior interosseous nerve aspect of median nerve

actions: IP: flexes thumb
MCP:flexes thumb
CMC: flexes thumb
Wrist: assists with flexion

Palpation: Palpate the digital crease of the thumb, instruct the patient to actively flexes the thumb.
The muscle lies deep in the forearm.

surface ana (5 decks)

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