forensic midterm

Question 1

Forensics is the application to ____

Answer 1

Criminal and Civil Laws

Question 2

What is the Frye Standard?

Answer 2

The concept of general acceptance of scientific evidence

Question 3

Who created anthropometrics

Answer 3

Bertillion

Question 4

Who established the first crime lab?

Answer 4

Locard

Question 5

What is the term used to describe evidence that directly aims to prove something?

Answer 5

Probative

Question 6

What replaced anthropometric measurements in ithe dentification of individuals?

Answer 6

Fingerprints

Question 7

What was the judicial case that set the guidelines for determining admissibility of scientific examinations in federal courts?

Answer 7

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharm

Question 8

What are the 4 crime labs in the US gov?

Answer 8

FBI
DEA
ATF
US Postal

Question 9

What is Locards exchange principle?

Answer 9

Everyone and everything leaves a trace after contact

Question 10

What should the first officer at a scene do?

Answer 10

Get medical assistance and secure the scene

Question 11

What is the main purpose of a crime scene investigator’s search?

Answer 11

Locate all physical evidence

Question 12

What do CAD programs do?

Answer 12

enhance ability to produce finished crime sketch

Question 13

Is the likelihood of finding class evidence greater or less than the likelihood of finding physical evidence w/ individual characteristics?

Answer 13

Greater than

Question 14

The removal of any evidence from a person or scene of a crime must be done in compliance with what amendment?

Answer 14

4th amendment - search and seizure

Question 15

Determining the chemical composition of sample is an example of what?

Answer 15

Identification

Question 16

Another term used for an exemplar is a what?

Answer 16

reference sample

Question 17

What case established public school administrators can search student belongings if they have reasonable suspicion?

Answer 17

New Jersey vs. TLO

Question 18

What rule was established to prevent police misconduct regarding evidence collection?

Answer 18

The exclusionary rule (Fruit of the poisonous tree)

Question 19

What are the situations for warrantless searches?

Answer 19

Preventing immediate destruction of evidence, exigent circumstance, person involved gives consent, evidence in plain sight, and incident to arrest

Question 20

What was the case that dealt with overturning arson conviction due to inadmissible evidence due to warrantless search and seizure?

Answer 20

Michigan vs. Tyler

Question 21

What microscopes have the largest working distance?

Answer 21

Stereoscopes

Question 22

What is the best way to distinguish between a human hair shaft and an animal?

Answer 22

The medulla and medullary index

Question 23

How is it possible to determine if a hair sample was forcibly removed?

Answer 23

If the tissue is attached or if the root was stretched or rigid

Question 24

What are three analytical tests an investigator could use to determine fabric type?

Answer 24

Burn test, acid test, or how it reacts to dye

Question 25

What is NIBIN? (National Integrated Ballistic Information Network)

Answer 25

A database for firearm evidence

Question 26

What is used for individualization in fired bullets?

Answer 26

Striations

Question 27

What are wadcutter bullets used for?

Answer 27

target practice

Question 28

What do firearm examiners use to collect standards ti be used for comparison studies?

Answer 28

Water tank

Question 29

What methods are used to produce rifling patterns?

Answer 29

Button method, mandrel/hammer forging, and broach cutter method

Question 30

What part of a gun is responsible for initiating the chemical reaction and fire a bullet?

Answer 30

Firing pin

Question 31

What shape does each rifling method produce?

Answer 31

Hammer forging: polygonal pattern Button rifling/broach cutting: Land/groove

Question 32

What does bullet wipe help investigators determine?

Answer 32

The direction bullet traveled

Question 33

What test is used to detect the presence of nitrites from gunshot residue?

Answer 33

Griess test

Question 34

What test is used to detect the presence of lead in gunpowder residue?

Answer 34

Sodium Rhodizonate test

Question 35

What is the most important instrument for a firearms examiner?

Answer 35

A comparison microscope

Question 36

What bullet spreads on impact?

Answer 36

Hollow point bullet

Question 37

In the absence of a bullet what markings can be found on cartridge casings?

Answer 37

Breech face mark Ejector mark Extractor mark Firing pin mark

Question 38

When are fingerprints formed?

Answer 38

As a fetus

Question 39

What is the least common fingerprint ridge pattern?

Answer 39

Arches

Question 40

What are fingerprints formed as impressions in soft material called?

Answer 40

Plastic

Question 41

Who is the father of fingerprint analysis

Answer 41

Francis Galton

Question 42

In the Henry system, when is a fingerprint given a numerical value?

Answer 42

If it has a whorl pattern

Question 43

what technique is using sublimination

Answer 43

Iodine fuming

Question 44

What chemical turns purpple

Answer 44

Ninhydrin

Question 45

What chemical method of fingerprint development stains proteins in the blood a blue-black color?

Answer 45

Amido Black

Question 46

What is not a pattern in whorl family?

Answer 46

tented arch