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Flashcards in forensics Deck (46)
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1
Q

cadaveric spasms occur from what

A

after death
agonal respirations occur if brainstem is still in tact after someone is thought to be dead or braindead

-also can have a heartbeat

2
Q

what is livor mortis

A

once the heart stops beating blood collects in the most dependent parts of the body

3
Q

rigor mortis

A

body stiffening

4
Q

term for the body when it begins to cool after it has been in rigor mortis

A

algor mortis

5
Q

body temp: warm
body stiffness: not stiff

time since death?

A

dead not more than 3 hours

6
Q

body temp cold
body stiffness stiff

time since death

A

dead 8-36 hours

7
Q

body temp warm
body stiffness

time since death?

A

dead 3-8 hours

8
Q

body temp cold
body stiffness not stiff (why)

time since death

A

dead more than 36 hours

secondary flacidity

9
Q

putrefactive decomposotion

A

bodies decompose rapidly and do more at higher temp

initiated by endogenous gut microflora

10
Q

morphologic feature of putrefactive decomposotion

A

green patch in right lower quad of abdomen

  • highest amount of bacteria here
  • foul smell from bacteria trying to turn body to gas
11
Q

adipocere formation decomposition when bodies are found where

A

in water

12
Q

mummification occurs in what environments

A

extremely hot and dry environments

13
Q

what is a bog body

A

naturally perserved body

14
Q

what age gropu has the highest incidence of homocide

A

15-34 men

15
Q

lacerations mainly occur from

A

blunt force

16
Q

what is cardiorespiratory arrest

COD or description of being dead

A

description of being dead

17
Q

cause of death vs mechanism of death

A

cause of deat is anything that leads to the mechanism of death

18
Q

COD vs mechanism of death in lethal injection

A

COD = lethal injection

mechanism of death is acute congestive heart failure

19
Q

manner of death

A
natural 
accident
suicide
homocide
undetermined
20
Q

3 typical types of wounds produced by blunt force

A

abrasion
contusion
laceration

21
Q

soft tissue bridges in depths of the wound are characterisitc of what

A

laceration due to blunt force

22
Q

what is inversely related to W in the wounding formula

A

area of application of force

period of energy transfer time

23
Q

contusion definition

A

bruise and results from hemorrhage into soft tissue due to rupture of subcutaneous blood vessels by blunt force injury

24
Q

epidermis in a contusion

A

it is intact and so there is not external bleeding

25
Q

where is a contusion seen

A

upon skin or within deep viscera

26
Q

where in the body would a contusion injury be most severe

A

in tissue overlying hard bony structures bc it is more easily bruised

27
Q

____ is the most significant color and its presence indicates that the bruise is @ ____ hours or older

A

yellow

18

28
Q

blue purple and brown do or do not assist in dating bruises

A

do not

29
Q

what is an abrasion

A

wound in which primarily the epidermis is injured

30
Q

how are abrasions produced

A

by friction scraping away epidermis or crushing of epidermis by direct pressure or a bow tangential to the surface
-no profuse bleeding, just oozing

31
Q

3 types of abrasions

A

brush abrasion
impact abrasion
patterned abrasion

32
Q

describe a brush abrasion

A

produced by grazing or sliding motions

applied force is tangential to body surface

rolls or heaps of tissue at margin of wound opposite direction of force

33
Q

impact abrasion (describe)

A

abrasions on bony prominences

happens in unconscious people when they fall

34
Q

patterned abrasion can be from

A

tire tread, steering whell

35
Q

double edged blade gives what shape on skin

A

eliptical

36
Q

single edge blade gives what shape on skin

A

triangle

37
Q

if someone is stabbed over and over what is the relation of victim and killer

A

personal relationship often a homosexual one

Gary and Brandon

38
Q

when are hesitation marks apparent on vitims

A

when a person who has never killed before bc they didnt know how deep to cut attemps murder

39
Q

what is most important in the amount of damage done in a gunshot wound

A

the velocity of the bullet more than the size of the bullet

the higher velocity, the bigger exit wound

40
Q

intermediate gunshot wound

A

can see powdered stipling or tattooing

few inches away to a foot

41
Q

in contact gunshot wound

A

you can see the barrell of the gun on the skin
not common in homocide
mainly suicide

42
Q

in entry wounds the outer table of the skull is and the inner is

A

outer = typically sharply circumscribed

inner is table beveled

43
Q

in exit skull GSW

A

opposite of entry wound

44
Q

do skull fractures ramify across previous fracture lines

A

no, they stop rather than cross them

45
Q

macro level the scene

A

safeguarding (live people first then scene)
surveying
documenting
proper approach to specien retrieval

SS donkey punch

46
Q

micro level the scene

A

biologic materials retrieval and transmittal vs inorganic speciments.substances