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France Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

Bordeaux AOP’s

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP

Cotes de Bordeaux AOP

Entre deux Mers
Medoc
Graves
Right Bank

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2
Q

Climate in Bordeaux?

A

Maritime
Coastal Pine forest protect from N and W winds
Atlantic Ocean
Gironde estuary
Rain at harvest problematic
Wet spring and humidity create mould and rot problems in North but are great for botrytis in South
Springtime frost can lead to coulure and millerandage= Bordeaux mixture aids in ac=voiding fungal disease
Becomes more continental towards right bank

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3
Q

What is in Bordeaux Mixture?

A

Lime, Cooper sultfate and water

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4
Q

What are the generic Bordeaux AOP’s?

A

Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP

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5
Q

What are the Cotes de Bordeaux AOPs? 7

A 
Cotes de Bordeaux AOP
Premier Cotes de Bordeaux AOP
Bourg AOP
Cotes des Bourg AOP
Bourgeais AOP
Blaye AOP
Cotes de Blaye AOP
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6
Q

What are the Entre-Deux-Mers AOP’s? 10

A

Entre-Deux-Mers AOP - Blanc (Sec)

Cadillac AOP- Blanc- (Liquoreux)

Graves de Vayres AOP- Rouge & Blanc (Sec)

Loupiac AOP Blanc (Liquoreux)

Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP-Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux)

Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOP -Blanc (Liquoreux)

Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP - Rouge & Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, and Liquoreux)

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7
Q

Medoc AOP’s 9

A 
Medoc AOP
Haut Medoc AOP
St Estephe AOP
Pauillac AOP
St Julien AOP
Listrac-Medoc AOP
Moulis AOP
Moulis en Medoc AOP
Margaux AOP
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8
Q

Graves AOP’s 6

A 
Graves AOP
Graves Supérieures AOP
Pessac Leognans AOP
Cerons AOP
Barsac AOP
Sauternes AOP
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9
Q

Right Bank AOP’s 10

A 
Saint Emilion AOP
Saint Emilion Grand Cru AOP
Lussac St Emilion AOP
Montagne St Emilion AOP
Puisseguin St Emilion AOP
St George St Emilion AOP
Pomerol AOP
Le Lande Pomerol AOP
Canon AOP
Canon Fronsac AOP
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10
Q

Bordeaux Classifications and revised dates?

A

1855 Classification of Bordeaux 1855 1973
Classification of Sauternes (1855) 1855 1855
Classification of Graves (1959) 1953 1959
Classification of St. Émilion (2012) 1955 2012
Cru Artisan Classification (2002) 2002 2012

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11
Q

1855 Premier Cru’s?

A 
Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac
Château Latour, Pauillac
Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac:  1973 moved up from 2eme
Château Margaux, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Haut-Brion, Graves
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12
Q

1855 2eme

Deuxièmes Crus

A

Château Cos d’Estournel, Saint-Estèphe
Château Montrose, Saint-Estèphe

Château Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac
Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac

Château Léoville-Las Cases, Saint-Julien
Château Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien
Château Léoville Barton, Saint-Julien
Château Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien
Château Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien

Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Lascombes, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Brane-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)

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13
Q

What are the 2 x 2eme from Pauillac?

A

Château Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac

Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac

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14
Q

What are the 2 x 2eme from Saint Estephe?

A

Château Cos d’Estournel, Saint-Estèphe

Château Montrose, Saint-Estèphe

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15
Q

What are the 5 x 2eme from Saint Julien?

A 
Château Léoville-Las Cases, Saint-Julien
Château Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien
Château Léoville Barton, Saint-Julien
Château Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien
Château Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien
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16
Q

What are the 4 x 2eme from Margaux?

A

Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Lascombes, Margaux (Margaux)

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17
Q

What is the 1 x 2eme from Cantenac?

A

Château Brane-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)

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18
Q

What are the 3 eme/Troisièmes Crus?

A

Château Calon-Ségur, Saint-Estèphe

Château Lagrange, Saint-Julien
Château Langoa Barton, Saint-Julien

Château Malescot-Saint-Exupéry, Margaux
Château Ferrière, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Marquis d’Alesme Becker, Margaux (Margaux)

Château Desmirail, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Kirwan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château d’Issan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Boyd-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Cantenac-Brown, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Palmer, Margaux (Cantenac)

Château Giscours, Margaux (Labarde)

Château La Lagune, Haut-Medoc (Ludon)

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19
Q

Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac

second wine?

A

Carruades de Lafite

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20
Q

Château Latour, Pauillac second wine?

A

Les Forts de Latour

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21
Q

Château Margaux, Margaux (Margaux) second wine?

A

Pavillon Rouge

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22
Q

Château Haut-Brion, Graves second wine?

A

RED- Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
(as of 2007, previously Château Bahans Haut-Brion

WHITE - Le Clarence de Haut-Brion
(as of 2007, previously Château Bahans Haut-Brion

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23
Q

Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac second wine?

A

Petit Mouton

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24
Q

Explain St-Estèphe AOP ?

A

Northern most commune in the Haut Medoc
Full bodied red with higher proportion or Merlot
Highly clay content amongst the gravel
No First growths
Château Cos d’Estournel 2eme and known as a Super Second! (not a second wine)

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25
Q

Explain Pauillac AOP?

A

Classic Claret
structured and long lived wines
Gravel top soil is at its deepest point within Haut Medoc
Lafite, Latour and Mouton represent the pinnacle

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26
Q

Explain St-Julien AOP?

A

Produces less wine than other communes but good quality
Elegant styles
No first growths
5x 2emes
Château Léoville Las Cases and Château Ducru-Beaucaillou both considered ‘Super second growths’

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27
Q

Explain Listrac-Médoc AOP and Moulis-en-Médoc AOP ?

A

Both produce good value for money
No classified growths
Château Chasse-Spleen in Moulis is the most well known

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28
Q

Explain Margaux AOP ?

A

largest commune appellation
Great diversity of soil types
Thin sandy gravel over limestone
Wines are described as feminine, with an emphasis on floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse.

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29
Q

Explain Graves AOP?

A

Longer history than the Medoc with wines successful whilst the Medoc was still disease ridden swamp land
1663 already being exported to England
Similar gravel and clay but sandier toward the south
Unlike Haut Medoc both red and white may be labelled as as Graves AOP
Apart from Haut Brian Graves wines were classified in 1953

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30
Q

What is Boulbenes?

A

A mixture of sand, gravel and light clay local known as Boulbenes in Bordeaux

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31
Q

Apart from Haut Brion when were Grave wine first classified?

A

1953 with 6 additional wines in

1959

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32
Q

When was Pessac-Léognan AOP established?

A

1987 all cru Classe are located here

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33
Q

What are the 5 villages of Margaux AOP?

A

CALMS

Cantenac
Arsac
Larbarde
Margaux
Soussans
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34
Q

Botrytis cinerea is known as what in Bordeaux?

A

pourriture noble

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35
Q

Graves Supérieur AOP are what type of wines?

A

Sweet white wines

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36
Q

Cérons, Barsac, and Sauternes are what type of wines?

A

Sweet wine wines with botrytis

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37
Q

Sauternes lies at the conflux of what rivers?

A

Ciron and Garonne

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38
Q

Explain the climatic factors affecting the Sauternes region?

A

cool morning mists blow off the Ciron and encounter the warmer waters of the Garonne, producing autumn afternoon humidity perfect for incubating the Botrytis spores. The noble rot is fickle, however, and does not attack grapes evenly, requiring the producer to pick the grapes individually, in separate trips through the vineyard

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39
Q

What years does Ch.d’Yquem not produce a vintage?

A

1992 or 1974

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40
Q

“Y” (“Ygrec”) is bottled under what classification?

A

Bordeaux or Bordeaux Supérieur

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41
Q

What are the 5 villages of Sauternes AOP?

A

FBBPS

Sauternes,
Barsac, 
Bommes
Fargues, 
Preignac,
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42
Q

Barsac wines can be sold as Barsac AOP or Sauternes AOP true or false?

A

True

Sauternes cannot be sold as Barsac AOP

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43
Q

Finished wines of Barsac and Sautneres must have a min of ? RS

A

45gm/L min must weight = 221gm/L

with mod-high % new Oak for up to 2 years

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44
Q

Who makes Crème de Tête?

A

Ch Gilette

aged 10 years in concrete vats

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45
Q

The oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux are found where?

A

AOPs of Bourg and Côtes de Bourg

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46
Q

Dry white styles from Côtes de Blaye AOP uniquely contain what varieties?

A

Colombard and Ugni Blanc

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47
Q

Loupiac, Ste-Croix-du-Mont, and Cadillac produces what styles of wine?

A

Sweet white wines that may or may not be affected by botrytis

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48
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers AOP a land between two seas produces what style of wine?

A

Dry white wines exclusively

may use the geographical designation Haut-Benauge

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49
Q

Haut-Benauge will be what type of wine?

A

Dry white wine

50
Q

Saint-Émilion was most recently reclassified in _____ for the 6th time.

A

2012

51
Q

Traditional barrique in Bordeaux contains how many liters?

A

225

52
Q

Bordeaux has the most hectares under vine of any French wine region.
true or false?

A

true

53
Q

Explain Cru Artisan

A

Formerly recognised in 2002.
Throughout the 8 crus in Medoc a Cru Artisan is recognised as a producer one of 44 that are exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
Must be smaller than 5 Ha, is reviewed every 10 years

54
Q

Explain Cru Bourgeois

A

Previous from that 2008-2020 Cru Bourgeois will be the only labelling due to legislation passed previously
Moving forward
2018 châteaux may once again apply for Cru Bourgeois, Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur. The terms will appear on labels in 2020.
reviewed every 5 years, with a new list appearing in 2020 and then 2025.

55
Q

The côtes and graves on the right bank of Bordeaux refer to what?

A

hillside COTES are steep limestone slopes

GRAVES is a gravelly limestone plateau resembling soils of the Médoc.

56
Q

When did St Emilion create its 3 tier ranking and when was it revised?

A

a) 1954 (published 1955)

b) 1969, 1985, 1996, 2006, and 2012

57
Q

Explain St Emilion Grand Cru?

A

Is an appellation NOT a classification and requires

+ 0.5% alcohol and must undergo a longer élevage than wines simply labeled St-Émilion AOP

58
Q

What is the St Emilion chateaux ranking called?

A

Grand Cru Classe A = 4
Grand Cru Classe B = 14
Grand Cru Classe = 64

59
Q

What are the Right Bank AOP’s? 10

A 
Saint-Émilion AOP	
Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOP (appellation)
Lussac-St-Émilion AOP	
Montagne-St-Émilion AOP	
Puisseguin-St-Émilion AOP	
St-Georges-St-Émilion AOP	
Pomerol AOP	
Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP	
Canon Fronsac AOP
Fronsac AOP
60
Q

Explain Pomerol AOP?

A

‘Crasse de fer’ = sand, clay and gravel, with a subsoil of iron pan and rich clay
Min Abv 11%
There is no classification in Pomerol; regardless, the best properties

61
Q

Cabernet Franc is known as what in Pomerol?

A

Bouchet

62
Q

What are the four satellites of St Emilion?

A

Lussac, St-Georges, Montagne, and Puisseguin

63
Q

What are the communes of Lalande - de- Pomerol AOP

A

Lalande-de-Pomerol and Néac, Fronsac AOP, and Canon-Fronsac AOP.

64
Q

Name the Premier Grand Cru Classe A?

A

Château Angélus* 2012
Château Ausone
Château Cheval-Blanc
Château Pavie* 2012

65
Q

Grand Cru Classe B

A 
Château Beau-Séjour Bécot
Château Beauséjour (Duffau-Lagarrosse)
Château Bélair-Monange (known simply as Belair until the 2008 vintage)
Château Canon
Château Canon-la-Gaffelière*** 2012
Château Figeac
Clos Fourtet
Château La Gaffelière
Château Larcis-Ducasse***2012
La Mondotte***2012
Château Pavie-Macquin* 2006
Château Troplong-Mondot* 2006
Château Trottevieille
Château Valandraud***2012
66
Q

Graves AOP

A 
Graves AOP
Graves Supérieures AOP
Pessac Leognan AOP
Cerons AOP
Sauternes AOP
Barsac AOP
67
Q

Graves Classification 1959 RED?

A
  • Château Bouscaut (Cadaujac)
    • Château Carbonnieux (Leognan)
    • Domaine de Chevalier (Leognan)
    • Château de Fieuzal (Leognan)
    • Château Haut-Bailly (Leognan)
    • Château Haut-Brion (Pessac)
    • Château Latour-Martillac (Martillac)
    • Château Malartic-Lagravière (Leognan)
    • Château La Mission Haut-Brion (Talence)
    • Château Olivier (Leognan)
    • Château Pape-Clément (Pessac)
    • Château Smith-Haut-Lafitte (Martillac)
    • Château La Tour-Haut-Brion (Talence)
68
Q

Graves Classification 1959 White ?

A
  • Château Bouscaut
    • Château Carbonnieux
    • Domaine de Chevalier
    • Château Couhins (Villenave d’Ornon)
    • Château Couhins-Lurton (Villenave d’Ornon)
    • Château Latour-Martillac
    • Château Malartic-Lagravière
    • Château Laville-Haut-Brion (Talence)
    • Château Olivier
69
Q

Sauternes Superior First Growth (Premier Cru Supérieur)?

A

Château d’Yquem, Sauternes

70
Q

Sauternes First Growths (Premiers Crus)

A

Château La Tour Blanche, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Lafaurie-Peyraguey, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Clos Haut-Peyraguey, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château de Rayne-Vigneau, Bommes (Sauternes)
Chateau Rabaud-Promis, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Sigalas-Rabaud, Bommes (Sauternes)

Château Suduiraut, (Preignac) Sauternes
Château Guiraud, (Sauternes)
Château Rieussec, (Fargues) Sauternes

Château Coutet, (Barsac)
Château Climens, (Barsac)

71
Q

Second wine of Château Cos d’Estournel?

A

Les Pagodes de Cos

72
Q

Second wine of Château Montrose

A

La Dame du Montrose

73
Q

Second wine of Château Pichon Longueville Baron

A

Les Griffons de Pichon Baron

74
Q

Second wine of Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande

A

Réserve de la Comtesse

75
Q

Second wine of Château Léoville-Las Cases

A

Le Petit Lion du Marquis de Las Cases

76
Q

Second wine of Château Léoville Poyferré

A

Pavillon de Poyferré

77
Q

Second wine of Château Léoville-Barton

A

Réserve Léoville-Barton

78
Q

Second wine of Château Gruaud-Larose

A

Sarget de Gruaud-Larose and Larose de Gruaud

79
Q

Second wine of Château Ducru-Beaucaillou

A

La Croix du Beaucaillou

80
Q

Second wine of Château Rauzan-Ségla

A

Segla

81
Q

Second wine of Château Rauzan-Gassies

A

Gassies

82
Q

Second wine of Château Durfort-Vivens

A

Vivens Rouge,

Relais de Durfort
Vivens

83
Q

Second wine of Château Lascombes

A

Chevalier de Lascombes

84
Q

Second wine of Château Brane-Cantenac

A

Le Baron du Brane

85
Q

Third Growths (Troisièmes Crus)

A

Château Calon-Ségur, Saint-Estèphe

Château Lagrange, Saint-Julien
Château Langoa Barton, Saint-Julien

Château Malescot-Saint-Exupéry, Margaux
Château Desmirail, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Ferrière, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Marquis d’Alesme Becker, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Kirwan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château d’Issan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Boyd-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Cantenac-Brown, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Palmer, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Giscours, Margaux (Labarde)

Château La Lagune, Haut-Medoc (Ludon)

86
Q

Fourth Growths (Quatrièmes Crus)

A

Château Lafon-Rochet, Saint-Estèphe
Château Duhart-Milon-Rothschild, Pauillac
Château Saint-Pierre, Saint-Julien
Château Talbot, Saint-Julien
Château Branaire-Ducru, Saint-Julien
Château Beychevelle, Saint-Julien
Château Marquis de Terme, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Pouget, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Prieuré-Lichine, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château La Tour Carnet, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)

87
Q

Fifth Growths (Cinquièmes Crus)

A

Château Cos Labory, Saint-Estèphe

Château Pontet-Canet, Pauillac
Château Batailley, Pauillac
Château Haut-Batailley, Pauillac
Château Haut-Bages-Libéral, Pauillac
Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste, Pauillac
Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse, Pauillac
Château Lynch-Bages, Pauillac
Château Lynch-Moussas, Pauillac
Château d'Armailhac, Pauillac: This estate was known as Mouton-Baronne-Philippe from 1933-1988.
Château Pédesclaux, Pauillac
Château Clerc-Milon, Pauillac
Château Croizet Bages, Pauillac

Château Dauzac, Margaux (Labarde)
Château du Tertre, Margaux (Arsac)

Château Belgrave, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Château de Camensac, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Château Cantemerle, Haut-Médoc (Macau)

88
Q

What is the minimum alcohol for Saint-Émilion Grand Cru AOP?

A

11.5%

89
Q

The Cru Classé properties of Graves are located in which of the following appellations?

A

Pessac -Leognan

90
Q

Name the Chateaus of the Haut Medoc that were named in the 1855 Classification?

A 
Château La Lagune (3rd)
Château La Tour Carnet (4th)
Château Belgrave (5th)
Château de Camensac (5th)
Château Cantemerle (5th)
91
Q

What is the name of the estuary on Bordeaux?

A

Gironde

92
Q

What ocean lies to the West of France?

A

Atlantic

93
Q

best vintages are often define by ?

A

hot and dry end of September

94
Q

Vineyard area?

A

over 128.500ha

95
Q

What is the approx % of rose in Bordeaux?

A

around 3%

96
Q

What does en primeur mean?

A

early release of wines for sales. Wine matured on the property 2-3 years

97
Q

Tranches?

A

Slice

98
Q

Pontet Canet

A

Bio drynamic

99
Q

Pontet Canet

A

Bio dynamic

100
Q

Which ripen later Cab or merlot?

A

Cab Sav

101
Q

Right bank soil?

A

Clay, sandstone, gravel

102
Q

Soil profile in Chateau Latour

A

Free draining heat training soils. White sand and white rock

103
Q

Graves

A

Marine fossils in Graves

104
Q

What proportion f merlot is planted in Bordeaux?

A

60%

105
Q

Wha is Malbec called in Bordeaux and who plants a high proportion of it?

A

30%

Clerc Milon

106
Q

Cab Sav as a grape?

A

Late budding
Loose bunch
Thick skin
Low yield

107
Q

Merlot as a grape

A

Earlier maturing

downy mildew

108
Q

Exception tot he use on right bank for dominant cab wines?

A

Figeac 30 %

Cgeval Blanc 66%

109
Q

Exception tot he use on right bank for dominant cab wines?

A

Figeac 30 %

Cheval Blanc 66%

110
Q

1855

three changes?

A

Ch Cantemerle added as 5th in 1856

Ch Dubignon absorbed into

111
Q

Saint Estephe

A

Steep bank with reich powerful wines

112
Q

Pauillac

A

Gravel soils
Graphite /Pencil shaving central!

Epitome of claret

113
Q

Saint Julien

A

Black sand
Largest percentage of classified growths
softer and prettier dur tot he sand content

114
Q

Listrac and Moulis

A

excellent value

115
Q

Margaux

A

Largest commune in the Haut Medoc

Elegance and finesse and perhaps most varied

116
Q

Sauternes classification

A

Premier Cru Superier
Premier Cru
Duxieme cru

117
Q

Bordeaux Haut Benauge?

A

Botrytised wine only

118
Q

Entre Deux Haut Benauge?

A

Dry wines

119
Q

1955 St Emilion was revised when?

A

1958, 69, 86, 96, 06, 12

120
Q

3 soils types in the nine communes of Saint Emilion?

A

The Plateau- sandy gravel
The Escarpement- chalk
The Plain- sandy

121
Q

Cote de Bordeaux

created in 2007 and started as of 2009 vintages

A

2016 Saint Foy Cote de Bordeaux

122
Q

Noteable vintages

A

2000, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016

2001

SRW flash cards (40 decks)

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