Savoir
traduire: I’ve studied well. I, you, &c, know the lesson.
J’ai bien étudié.
Je \_\_\_\_ la leçon. Tu \_\_\_\_ la leçon. Il \_\_\_\_ la leçon. Nous \_\_\_\_\_ la leçon. Vous \_\_\_\_\_ la leçon. Elles \_\_\_\_\_ la leçon.
Renommée
Très fameuse
Devoir (meaning of, present tense conj)
Être oblige de
dois
dois
doit
devons
devez
doivent
Avoir besoin de
Have need of
Sans doute
Certainement: without a doubt; certainly; probably
When sans doute begins a phrase, verb & subject are inverted:
Sans doute s’est-il trompé. Without a doubt he’s mistaken.
La recette
Une liste d’instructions pour le préparation d’un plat.
La cuisine
L’art culinaire; la préparation des plats.
La coquille
Shell
Le persil
Parsley
Le beurre
Butter
Se moquer
To tease, make innocent fun of s.o.
[Prof Torres] Se méfier: to mock, almost to the point of challenging; to get in s.o.’s face; to mistrust s.o.
Se méfier
To mistrust s.o.; also [Prof Torres] to mock, almost to the point of challenging; to get in s.o.’s face
La fenêtre
Window
Stained-glass “ : vitrail -aux
Vitrail -aux
Stained-glass window
Bateau-mouche
“Fly-boat” - one of the tour boats which circle the Île de Cité: so named because–from the bridges above–they resemble flies caught in water.
Le Pont Neuf
Not the 9th, but the New Bridge
Le nord de la France
Northern France: the region having its coast along La Manche, from Basse-Normandie north & east.
À l’heure
On time
La péniche
The barge
Chargé -ée
Loaded
Le quai
[ke]
Quay, (RR station) platform, (river) bank; riverside road (often having “Quai” in its name, as in Quai d’Orsay; in Paris, some of these street names are used to refer to famous institutions by synecdoche, as, e.g., “le Quai d’Orsay” to mean the Foreign Office.
Fredonner
To hum
Apparaître
To appear; to seem; (fever, ?rash) to break out
Conj. c̅ either Avoir or Être, exc. when used impersonally, when the auxil. vb is always Être.
Je apparais suis apparu(e) apparaissais
Tu apparais es apparu(e) apparaissais
Il apparaît est apparu(e) apparaissait
Nous apparaissons sommes apparu(e)s apparaissions
Vous apparaissez êtes apparu(e)(s) apparaissiez
Elles apparaissent sont apparu(e)s apparaissaient
Queue
[kø]
Tail, stem, handle, end (e.g., of a sentence)
Lendemain
The next day
Le lendemain de son arrivée: the day after his arrival
Le lendemain matin: the next morning
Au lendemain des élections: right after the election
Succés sans lendemain: short-lived success
Tout le monde
All of us; the whole group (of whatever size); everyone
Le achat
Purchase
Faire un achat
Eux
[ø]
(Subject) they; (object) them
Le caveau
Vault, cellar; bar
La foule
Crowd
Sont assis
Are sitting (down)
Le/la bouquiniste
[bukinist]
Second-hand bookseller
Livre d’occasion
Second-hand book
Bonheur d’occasion - second-hand love
Le croc
[kʀo]
(Animal) fang
Faire voile
Set sail
À perte de vue
As far as the eye could see; until (for so great a distance that) sight fails
C’est oublié
It is forgotten/wiped from memory
Balayer
[baleje]
To sweep, sweep up, sweep out, sweep away, brush aside
Je n’ai plus besoin d’eux
I need them no longer
Rien de rien
Absolutely nothing; nothing at all
Car ma vie car mes joies
car ___ car ___
Because my life, because my joys…
Ni…ni
Neither…nor
La Bourguignonne
[buʀgiɲɔ̃]
Pronunciation rules for /g/:
Burgundy - region; wine
Pronunciation rules for /g/:
[ʒ] before e, i, y
[g] otherwise
Je naquis
I was born/sprang
passé simple
Digne [diŋ]
Dignified; worthy
Reconnaissance
Gratitude; recognition
En reconnaissance moi, je la chéris - In [my] gratitude, I cherish her
La trogne
Snout (a pig’s, e.g.)
Rougir
To blush, flush; to go red, as with a sunburn (coup de soleil)
Fier
[fjeʀ] fière
Proud
La treille
Trellis
Heureux
Happy
Se débarbouiller
[débaʀbuje]
To wash one’s face
S’embrouiller
[ɑ̃bʀuje]
To get in a muddle
From embrouiller, to tangle [fils], confuse [personne], make more complicated [problème]
Chérir
[ʃeʀiʀ]
To cherish
Le gar
Boy
Related to garçon; 1° informal/slang
Pencher
To lean; tip up; incline toward (e.g., an hypothesis); [naut.] list
Donc [dɔ̃ ou dɔ̃k] The c is pronounced when donc begins a phrase, precedes a vowel sound, is being emphasized.
So (= par conséquent, après un digression)
Je n’étais pas d’accord, donc j’ai refusé. I didn’t agree, so I refused.
je disais donc que… so, as I was saying, …
Also used as an intensifier/mark of surprise:
Then… c’était donc un espion? he was a spy, then?
And to add emphasis:
allons donc! come on! écoute-moi donc! do listen to me! demande-lui donc - go on, ask him
tais-toi donc! do be quiet! pensez donc! just imagine! comment donc? how do you mean?
quoi donc? what was that? dis donc tell me… tiens donc - well, well
L’appât; des appâts
[apɑ]
The bait; lure (poisson, personne)
l’appât du gain..the lure of gain
La cacahuète [kakawɛt]
Peanut
puis
[pɥi]
then
et puis..and besides
et puis ensuite (ou après)..and then
et puis après tout..and then after all
je le suis [taken from a literary passage]
[sɥi]
I follow him
faufiler
se faufiler; se faufiler dans
Faufiler..to tack (sewing)
se faufiler..to worm one’s way into
se faufiler entre..to dodge in & out of (traffic, seats in a theater, a crowd)
je me demande
[d(ə)mɑ̃d]
I ask myself
ensuite
[ɑ̃sɥit]
then
il nous dit ensuite que..then he said that
d’accord mais ensuite?..all right, but what now?
la miette
[mjɛt]
crumb; flake; scrap
le foyer
[fwaje]
home; family; hearth
le pays
[pei]
country; region
le paysage
[peizaʒ]
landscape; (= situation) scene (as in, le paysage politique)
la table à manger
dining room table
la nappe
tablecloth
la assiette
[asjɛt]
plate
le couvert
[kuvɛʀ]
place setting
le chandelier
[ʃɑ̃dɛlje]
candlestick
m.
à plusieurs branches = candelabra
fumant (of food)
steaming
Le rôti est fumant.
le meuble
furniture
le inconnu la -ue
[ɛ̃kɔny]
stranger
adj- unknown, unfamiliar
disparaître
[dispaʀɛtʀ]
to disappear; die; die out
voler
[vɔle]
to steal
affamé
starving; famished
soudain
[sudɛ̃]
= ? [what equivalent expression?]
suddenly
= tout à coup
puis
[pɥi]
then [=ensuite]; next
et puis ensuite -and then
et puis quoi? -and then what?
le voleur voleuse
[vɔlɶʀ] [øz]
thief
étonné -née
surprised (adj, from étonner)
il a pris un air étonné/a fait l’étonné..he acted surprised
faire du bien
[bjɛ̃]
to do good [works]
déchiré, déchirée
[deʃiʀe]
torn, torn up
pousser
to push; to slide; to move
Il a honte
[‘ɔ̃t]
he is ashamed
honte - shame
la cuillère, cuiller
[kɥijeʀ]
spoon
le couteau [pl. couteaux]
knife
l’évêque
bishop
une nappe brodée
an embroidered tablecloth
bougie
[buʒi]
beeswax candle
sale
dirty
la figure
[figyʀ]
face, visage
méchant [meʃɑ̃] -te [-ɑ̃t]
nasty, malicious; [of child] naughty
avaler
to swallow, inhale
travaux forcés
forced labor
ancien forçat
[ɑ̃sjɛ̃] -enne [sjɛn]
ex-convict
épuisé
[epɥize]
exhausted; hard pressed; in dire straits
lourd, lourde
heavy; deep; unsubtle
le tiroir
drawer
suite [sɥit]
following episode; sequel; follow-up; the rest
La suite du film/du répas était moins bonne.
The rest of the film/the meal was not so good/didn’t live up to the beginning.
le bureau
office
à cette heure-ci
at this[!] hour
an emphatic; counterpart to -là that[!]
-ci -là
ce livre-ci..this[!] book ce jour-là..that[!] day
cette table-ci..this[!] table cette robe-là..that[!] dress
cette enfant-ci..this[!] child en ce temps-là..in those[!] days
cettes tables-ci..these[!] tables
garder
to keep, retain, keep up [appearances], detain [police]
Le plafond
the ceiling
voiture: roof
La perruque
[pɛʀyk]
wig
Se mettre au travail
To get down to work
Le collier [kɔlje]
(de femme) necklace; choker
collier [de barbe]..beard along the jawline
(de chien, chat) neck
collier de fleures..garland
La facture
[faktyʀ]
Bill; invoice
Le carrosse
[kaʀɔs]
Horse-drawn coach
doré
gilded
s’inquiéter
[sɛ̃kjete]
to worry [about] [sɛ̃kjete]
sans s’inquiéter de… without bothering to…
to inquire [about]
(= s’enquiérir) s’inquiéter de l’heure/de la santé de qn
to inquire about what time it is/about sb’s health
ennuyeux [ɑ̃nɥijø]
ennuyeuse [-øz]
Boring; annoying
si…si
[as an emphatic]
so ___, so ___
si charmant et si jeune… so charming, [and] so young…
très à la mode
all the rage
enfin
at last; finally; in a word…
n’habite plus dans
no longer lives [in, at]
aucun [okɶ̃] aucune [-yn]
no; not any
envie [ɑ̃vi]
(= inclination, leaning) inclination
avoir envie de qch… to feel like sth…
j’ai envie d’y aller..I feel like going
avoir envie de faire qch… to feel like doing sth
cacher [kaʃe]; se cacher
to hide sth
cacher qch à qn… to hide sth from sb
se cacher (= se dissimuler) il se cache pour fumer... he smokes in secret
inquiet [ɛ̃kjɛ] inquiète [ɛ̃kjɛt]
uneasy; worried
tant
so; so much
tant pis!..that’s just too bad!
en (1)
in the sense of “some,” “any,” “one”
En replaces the partitive article + noun or de + indefinite article + noun. It is equivalent to “some,” “any,” or “one” in English.
Do you have any bread? Yes, I have some. As-tu du pain ? Oui, j’en ai.
He wants an apple. He wants one. Il a envie d’une pomme. Il en a envie.
I don’t need an assistant. I don’t need one. Je n’ai pas besoin d’un aide. Je n’en ai pas besoin.
en (2)
replacing a modifier + noun
In a sentence with a modifier such as an adverb of quantity or a number + noun, en replaces the noun, and the modifier or number is placed at the end of the sentence.
⇒Note that “of it” and “of them” are usually optional in English, but en is required in French.
There are a lot of rooms. There are a lot (of them). Il y a beaucoup de chambres. Il y en a
beaucoup.
I don’t have enough money. I don’t have enough (of it). Je n’ai pas assez d’argent. Je n’en ai
pas assez.
I’d like two books. I’d like two (of them). Je voudrais deux livres. J’en voudrais deux.
en (3)
replacing de + noun
En also replaces de + noun with verbs and expressions that need de. Again, in French, you must include either de + something or its replacement en, even though “about/of it” is usually optional in English.
What do you think about my idea? What do you think (about it)?
Que penses-tu de mon idée? Qu’en penses-tu?
What are the consequences of this decision? What are the consequences (of it)?
Quelles sont les conséquences de cette décision? Quelles en sont les conséquences?
[Incorrect: Que penses-tu? Quelles sont les conséquences?]
en (4)
Note that en usually cannot replace de + verb.
I decided to accept his offer. I decided to accept it.
J’ai décidé d’accepter son offre. J’ai décidé de l’accepter.
Wrong: J’en ai décidé.
I forgot to wash the car. I forgot to wash it. J’ai oublié de laver la voiture. J’ai oublié de la laver.
Wrong: J’en ai oublié.
les caisses de l’État
[kɛs]
the state coffers
l’impôt [ɛ̃po]
tax
essayer [eseje]
to try out; to try on; to test; to try
tant [tɑ̃]
so; so much
tant pis!..that’s just too bad!
pis
worse
qui pis est..what’s worse
aller de pis en pis..to get worse and worse
tant pis! that’s just too bad!
trop
too; too much
jouer un lapin
to stand sb up
le héros [eʀo]
hero
Coup de soleil
sunburn
plusieurs [plyzjɶʀ]
Several; more than one
huées [ɥe]
boos; cries of derision