From practice tests #3 Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
Jet ventilation
A
- Max 60 psi
- can be used above glottis
- can cause pneumo
2
Q
Bronchial blockers used for:
A
- suctioning of isolated lung (suction air or insufflate with O2)
- nasally intubated
- a trach
- a single lumen ETT in place
- < 8 years old
- EZ, Cohen, Arndt, Uniblocker
3
Q
known difficult airway, avoid?
A
RSI
4
Q
Each Hgb molecule can carry how many O2 atoms?
A
Can carry 4 O2 molecules > so 8 O2 atoms
5
Q
Aortic valve dimensions: Normal and severe AS
A
- Normal 2.5-3.5 cm²
- Severe AS < 0.8 (some books say < 1.0 cm²)
6
Q
Candidates for CEA vs CAS
A
CEA better for pts with:
- Dont tolerate antiplatelets
- severe renal
CAS better for pts with:
- CHF < 30%
- CAD w/unstable angina
- abnormal stress test or MI < 1 month
- Valve disease
- Severe obesity
- Contralateral RLN injury
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm least likely to cause aortic insufficiency
A
Crawford 1
8
Q
Descending AAs only?
A
D3.SB.C
- Debaky 3
- Stanford B
- All Crawford
9
Q
Ascending AAs only?
A
D2.SA
- Debakey 2
- sometimes Standford A
10
Q
Nitric oxide pathway
A
O2 + arginine → Nitric oxide → cGMP → Protein kinase
Halflife 6 seconds
11
Q
Recall of anesthesia exam?
A
Modified Brice exam:
- Remember before going to sleep?
- 1st thing waking up?
- anything between going to sleep/waking up?
- did you dream?
- what was the worst thing about your procedure?
12
Q
closes glottic opening
A
aryepiglottic folds
13
Q
Pancreatitis S/S
A
- Pericardial effusion
- myocardial depression
- Dysrhthmias
- MI
- DIC
- ARF
- THrombophlebitits
- vasodilation
- hypovolemia
14
Q
Autonomic Hyperreflexia S/S
A
- HTN
- Bradycardia
- Pulm edema
- Seizures
*most common in bold
15
Q
when to redose antacids?
A
60 mins
16
Q
Antibodies
A
O has anti AB
AB has none
B has A
A has B
17
Q
Most common arrhythmia with WPW syndrom
A
AVNRT
18
Q
Name for wide/narrow QRS
A
Wide - Antidromic
Narrow - Orthodromic
19
Q
Gout treatment
A
- Hydration
- Alkalize urine with bicarb
- Allopurinol (inhibits purine →uric acid)
- Colchacine (decreases inflammation)
20
Q
Levadopa does what
A
decreases prolactin
increases growth hormone
21
Q
30 day mortality risk of elderly, in order
A
- ASA 4
- > 90yo
- ARF
- unplanned ICU admit
- ASA 3
22
Q
LMA + laparoscopic procedure guidelines
A
“15” rule:
- < 15º tilt
- < 15 cmH20
- < 15 min
Use gastric draining LMA - proseal, supreme
23
Q
FGF coupled ventilators equation
A
3 L/min = 3000 ml/min.
I:E ratio 1:3 → 3000 x 1/3 = 1000
1000ml/10 RR = 100 ml
Vt = 450ml, so 100 ml + 450 ml = 550ml total volume to pt
24
Q
TURP fluids
A
- 10-30 ml/min retained
- EBL 2-5 ml/min
25
N20 activates SNS causing:
Increased
* HR
* BP
* SVR
but also myocardial depressant
26
Elevated level in hemophelia A?
PTT
27
Vent modes
AC - spontaneuos ventilation with preset Vt
CMV - best in apneic pts
IMV - traditional weaning
28
Hormone stimulation causes?
* Gastrin
* CHolecystokinin
* Secretin
* Molitin
* pepsinogen secretion
* gallbladder contraction
* bile flow
* upper GI motility
29
Structures to align for intubation
Oral
Pharyngeal
Laryngeal
30
TOF monitoring on a hemiparitic limb results in?
* falsely elevated result
31
EEG suggestions of neural damage?
* 50% decrease in amplitute
* 10% increase in latency
32
Neuropathic pain with autonomic involvement?
Complex regional pain syndrome
* Type 1 + 2: risks are female, prev. trauma or surgery
* Type 2: always preceded by nerve injury
Treatment is same for both:
* Ketamin
* Menantine (NMDA antagonist)
* Gabapentin
* Sympathetic block
* PT
33
* minimize spina bifida pt exposure to?
* Latex - severe allergery later on in life
34
Most potent benzo for amnesia
Lorazepam (ativan)
35
Obesity drug dosages: Induction/Maintenence
* LBW/TBW
* TBW/LBW
* LBW
* TBW
* Propofol
* Fent/Sufent
* Roc/Vec/Remi
* Midaz/Succ/Atra/Cis
36
Dorsolateral aspect of humerus nerve
Radial
37
Nerve injuries:
* Lateral stirrup injury
* Medial stirrup injury
* excess flexion/traction/forceps delivery
* Lithotomy
* Excess traction
* Legs crossed
* Sitting position
* Common peroneal - foot drop
* Saphenous - decreased sensation
* Obturator - innability to adduct legs
* Sciatic - foot drop
* Femoral - impair knee extention/hip flexion/anterior sensation
* Top - Sural. Bottom - superficial peroneal
* Midcervical tetraplegia, VAE
38
Anatomic sites matched with laser
* Argon - vascular
* Ruby - retina
* Nd:YaG - tumor, trachea
* CO2 - oropharyngeal, VC
39
Lithium prolongs:
NMBs
40
NMS causative agents:
* Reglan
* Haldol
* Choropromazine/prochlorperazine (phenergan/compazine)
* Risperidone
* Droperidol
Avoid in Parkinsons as well
41
Serotonin syndrome from:
Treatment?
* MAOI + Meperidine (demerol) or Ephedrine
* SSRI + Demerol or Fentanyl
Cyproheptadine
42
SSRIs
* Fluoxetine (Prozac)
* Paroxetine (Paxil)
* Sertraline (Zoloft)
* Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
* Citalopram (Celexa)
* Escitalopram (Lexapro)
* St Johns Wart
43
MAOIs
* Phenelzine (Nardil)
* Trancyclypromine (Parnate)
* Selegine (Emsam)
44
Aqueous Humor Produced and reabsorbed by?
* Ciliary Process
* Canal of Schlemm
45
Eye Bubbles + N2O
## Footnote
Silicone oil
Air
PF propane
* Silicone **_O_**il - _0_
* Air - 5 days
* PF propane - 30 days
46
Most common side effect of antibiotics
Pseudomembranous colitis
47
Antibiotics that act by disruptinng cell wall synthesis?
Called?
* Cephalosporins (Cef- or Ceph-)
* Vanco
* Beta-Lactams (-cilins)
Called Peptidoglycans
48
Abx to avoid in OB
* Erythromycin
* Flourinoquinilones (-oxacins)
* Tetras
49
Antiemetics that hit Vestibular apparatus
Anticholinergics (scopolamine)
Antihistamines
50
Samters Triad
Aspirin (also NSAIDS) exacerbated respiratory disease
* Asthma
* Allergic rhinitis
* Nasal polyps
Can cause bronchospasm
51
Drugs that cause Hypokalemia
BITE
* Beta 2 agonists
* Insulin
* Theophyline
* Epi
52
Drugs that inhibit baroreceptor reflex
* Volatiles
* Propofol
* B. Blockers
53
B.Blockers that block both A+B:
* Carvedilol (10:1)
* Labetalol (7:1)
54
Horners syndrome
Blockade of Stellate ganglion (C7)
* Ptosis (drooping eyelid)
* Miosis
* Anhidrosis (inability to sweat)
* Enopthalmos (posterior displacement of eyeball)
55
Both PNS/SNS: Preganglion/postganglion fibers
Pre: Myelinated B
Post: Unmyelinated C
