Functions of the vertebral column/Embryology of the Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What levels of the vertebral column specifically accommodate weight-bearing transfer

A

S1-S3 at the auricular surface

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2
Q

What organ(s) is/are specifically associated with the horizontal axis of the skull

A

the eye and the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear

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3
Q

When does the embryonic disc form

A

second week in utero

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4
Q

When does gastrulation occur or a 3 layered embryo form

A

third week in utero

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5
Q

Invagination of ectoderm along the primitive streak gives rise to what embryonic structure

A

notochord

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6
Q

What is the name given to the mesoderm that will give rise to the vertebral column

A

paraxial mesoderm

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7
Q

What embryonic structure gives rise to the somites

A

paraxial mesoderm

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8
Q

Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite

A

sclerotome, myotome and dermatome

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9
Q

What are the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development

A

membranous cartilaginous, skeletal or osseous

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10
Q

Migration of a somite pair to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature

A

the perichordal lastema

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11
Q

the perichordal blastema gives rise to what processes

A

neural processes and costal processes

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12
Q

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastemae

A

intersegmental artery

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13
Q

What forms between the scleromites of a perichordal blastema

A

ther intersclerotomal fissure (fissure von Ebner)

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14
Q

The intersclerotomal fissure (fissure von Ebner) gives rise to what developmental feature

A

the perichordal disc

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15
Q

The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastemae gives rise to what feature

A

the vertebral blastema

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16
Q

Wha tvessel will be identified adjacent ot the vertebral blastema

A

segmental artery

17
Q

When will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema

A

beginning in the 6th embryonic week

18
Q

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage

A

chondrification

19
Q

What are the names given to the centers of chondrification within the vertebral blastema

A

centrum center, neural arch center, transverse process center

20
Q

How many centers of chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema

A

six——2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches, 2 for each transverse process

21
Q

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebrae

A

during the seventh week in utero

22
Q

What is the name given to the centers of ossification based on time of appearance

A

primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

23
Q

What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae

A

3 primary centers and 5 secondary centers

24
Q

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae

A

centrum centers and neural arch centers

25
Q

What are the names/locations of the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae

A

tip of the Transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

26
Q

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebrae

A

during puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old