Further Mechanics 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define simple harmonic motion

A
  • motion where:
  • acceleration is directly proportional to displacement
  • acceleration is always acting in the opposite direction to displacement
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2
Q

Define a free vibration

A

the oscillation of an object with no transfer of energy to or from the surroundings

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3
Q

When is there maximum velocity for a simple pendulum?

A

when it’s at the equilibrium position

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4
Q

What is the relationship between time period and amplitude during simple harmonic motion?

A

time period is independent of amplitude

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5
Q

What is a forced vibration?

A

the oscillation of an object due to an external periodic driving force

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6
Q

Define damping

A

a force which causes an oscillating system to lose energy and so causes the amplitude of the object’s oscillations to decrease

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7
Q

What is light damping?

A

when the system settles in equilibrium after many oscillations

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8
Q

Give an example of light damping

A

a pendulum in air

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9
Q

What is critical(ly) damping?

A

when the system settles in equilibrium in minimum time

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10
Q

Give an example of a critically damped system?

A

a car suspension

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11
Q

What is heavy damping / overdamping?

A

when the system settles in equilibrium after a long time

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12
Q

What is resonance?

A

when the frequency of the driving force equals the natural frequency of the system, a large (increase in) amplitude is seen

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13
Q

What is the phase difference between the driving frequency and the natural frequency when the driving frequency equals 0?

A

0

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14
Q

What is the phase difference between the driving frequency and the natural frequency when the system is at resonant frequency?

A

π/2

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15
Q

What is the phase difference between the driving frequency and the natural frequency when the driving frequency tends to infinity / when the amplitude tends to zero?

A

π

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16
Q

What happens to the amplitude vs driving frequency graph when it becomes dampened?

A
  • the maximum amplitude (the amplitude at resonant frequency) decreases
  • the frequency where resonance occurs slightly decreases