G10 Tectonic Plates

Question 1

Blocks that are primarily sturdy, with margins that trace earthquake zones lying along the network of ridges and trenches

Answer 1

Tectonic Plates

Question 2

Models for Plate Movement

Answer 2

Kinematics and Dynamics

Question 3

structures are examined and compared to the movements of blocks of Earth’s surface, ignoring underlying forces.

Answer 3

Kinematics

Question 4

forces and processes resulting in material movement throughout Earth

Answer 4

Dynamics

Question 5

is the continental drift hypothesis and seafloor spreading hypothesis combined.

Answer 5

Plate Tectonic Theory

Question 6

Argues close kinship among sets of continents, as well as their geological characteristics.

Answer 6

Continental Drift Theory

Question 7

The Earth’s ancient supercontinent

Answer 7

Pangaea

Question 8

Explains the formation of new oceanic crust which leads to the movement of plates.

Answer 8

Seafloor Spreading

Question 9

There are only seven major plates which include

Answer 9

North America, 
South America, 
Pacific, 
African, 
Eurasian, 
Australian-Indian, and 
Antarctic plates.

Question 10

Factors Affecting Plate Movements

Answer 10

Solid-state flow model, Hotspots

Question 11

Relies on temperature and phase changes.

Answer 11

Solid-state flow model

Question 12

Areas with abnormally high volcanic activity hat have remained stationary for a very long time.

Answer 12

Hotspot

Question 13

radioactivity causes magma to rise where it expands to produce the plates above Earth’s surface.

Answer 13

Solid-State Flow Model

Question 14

The _, _ plates descend, replacing the hotter material below.

Can be likened to a kettle.
(Solid-State Flow Model)

Answer 14

older, denser

Question 15

gravitational factors

Answer 15

ridge push, slab pull

Question 16

This is a force that causes hotter, less dense material to force itself up through a ridge.

Answer 16

Ridge push

Question 17

This is the pulling of oceanic lithosphere downward at subduction zones.

Answer 17

Slab pull

Question 18

3 main processes that affect mantle convection

Answer 18

heating at the bottom caused by the heat loss from Earth’s core.

heating due to radioactive decay

cooling on the surface creating thick, cold lithospheric slabs denser than the mantle.

Question 19

is the supercontinent of ancient Earth.

Answer 19

Pangaea

Question 20

The northern landmass was

Pangaea

Answer 20

Laurasia

Question 21

The southern landmass(Pangaea)

Answer 21

Gondwana

Question 22

Evidence that Supports Plate Movement

Answer 22

Continental Fit, Fossil Evidence, Paleomagnetic Data,

Question 23

Some continents’ shapes fit each other.

Scientists believe, with evidence, that these continents were once connected to each other.

Answer 23

Continental Fit

Question 24

can be found in separate continents even though they are from the same species.

Answer 24

Fossils of animals and plants

Fossil evidence

Question 25

Specific deposits also provide _ _ _ in conditions across continents. (Fossil Evidence)

Answer 25

evidences of similarities

Question 26

a series of rock deposits that provides evidence for these assemblages (Fossil Evidence)

Answer 26

Gondwana Rock Succession

Question 27

has an influence of patterns in rocks, which coincide with shifts in the _ _ _ (Paleomagnetic Data)

Answer 27

Earth's magnetic pole

Question 28

The Earth’s magnetic pole has an influence of patterns in rocks, which coincide with shifts in the Earth’s magnetic pole. This serves as evidence because their magnetic north was found to be _.

Answer 28

discordant

Question 29

Can rock patterns be founf in Reykjanes Ridge?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

implications of Plate Tectonics

Answer 30

``` rate of plate movements, geologic history of localities, mineral explorations, hazard predictions, and urban planning ```

Question 31

Plate tectonics elucidates the geologic history of localities by providing an explanation for the regional settings and processes of an area, painting a more vivid picture of the geologic record. (Geologic History)

Answer 31

-

Question 32

As a result of tracing an area’s geologic history, mineral explorers (Mineral Explorations)

Answer 32

can more easily trace and quantify deposits

Question 33

Geologic maps show these features.

Answer 33

-

Question 34

Most of the seismicity can be found | Hazard Prediction

Answer 34

along plate boundaries

Question 35

Studying these boundaries can allow humans to | Hazard Prediction

Answer 35

predict any hazards within the area.

Question 36

Only _ was connected to other landmasses in the past. The rest of the Philippines emerged from the ocean.

Answer 36

Palawan

Question 37

Other crustal movements that are not related to seismic activities. These are usually less intense compared to seismic activity.

Answer 37

Aseismic Activity

Question 38

As a result of hazard predictions, humans can also properly plan the arrangement of urban settlements.

Answer 38

Urban Planning

Question 39

Institutes in the Philippines that study seismology

Answer 39

DOST, PHIVOLCS

Question 40

DOST

Answer 40

The Department of Science and Technology

Question 41

PHIVOLCS

Answer 41

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, an arm of DOST.

Question 42

Fossil assemblages among the continents possess differences, indicating that the fossilized organisms had to have crossed the continents via _ _.

Answer 42

land bridges

Question 43

is a specific temperature at which materials change or lose their magnetism

Answer 43

Curie point

Question 44

is not static, rather, it frequently switches polarities. These changes are referred to as magnetic reversals.

Answer 44

Earth’s magnetic field

Question 45

Earth’s magnetic field frequently switches polarities. These changes are referred to as

Answer 45

magnetic reversals

Question 46

Plates move extremely slowly most of the time for extended periods of time. This slow movement is referred to as

Answer 46

creep

Question 47

Crustal movements having less intensity than those related to tectonic belts are classified as

Answer 47

aseismic

Question 48

is in charge of reducing the impacts of natural disasters.

Answer 48

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)

Question 49

developed, was widely advocated by ​ Alfred Wegener in 1915.

Answer 49

Continental Drift Theory

Question 50

developed, was widely advocated by ​ Alfred Wegener in 1915.

Answer 50

Continental Drift Theory

Question 51

In 1962, Harry Hess pioneered the concept of

Answer 51

seafloor spreading

Question 52

a specific point where three plate boundaries converge

Answer 52

triple junction

Question 53

arm of the triple junction that failed to | produce an ocean basin, it is referred to as an

Answer 53

aulacogen

Question 54

In the 1930s, ​ Arthur Holmes heavily advocated

Answer 54

solid-state flow model

Question 55

moves material underneath the plates | sideward, but its effect is​ so small that it is considered negligible

Answer 55

Mantle drag

Question 56

are rising columns of hot rocks from the lower mantle and cause melting ​ as they reach the surface, hence another mechanism for plate motion

Answer 56

Mantle plumes

Question 57

mantle is divided into two zones of convection which is a thin layer in the upper mantle at a depth of 660 kilometers and a thick layer located below. This model is known as ​

Answer 57

layer cake model

Question 58

where denser oceanic lithosphere sinks and may even reach the core-mantle boundary. This material eventually melts and rises toward the surface of Earth.

Answer 58

whole mantle convection

Question 59

indicate a large ice sheet encompassing broad areas of | today’s southern continents

Answer 59

Glacial deposits

Question 60

marked an | ancient desert

Answer 60

evaporites and sandstones

Question 61

rates of continental advancement and seafloor spreading are determined by measuring the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. In fact, the locations of the continents prior to Pangaea’s breakup were also accurately pinpointed through this method

Answer 61

widths of the magnetic stripes on the seafloor

Question 61

rates of continental advancement and seafloor spreading are determined by measuring the

Answer 61

widths of the magnetic stripes on the seafloor

Question 62

oceanic plate's speed

Answer 62

6-9cm

Question 63

oceanic plate's speed

Answer 63

6-9cm/year

Question 64

continental plate's speed

Answer 64

2 cm/year

Question 65

elucidates the geologic history of localities by providing an explanation for the regional settings and processes of an area, painting a more vivid picture of the geologic record

Answer 65

Plate tectonics

Question 66

an essential material in mineral explorations. It provides various information that is important in locating for new mineral deposits. It makes use of the morphology of rocks bodies as well as age relationships between rock units.

Answer 66

geologic map

Question 67

``` use surface modifications that are being recorded with time which can be used to make three or four-dimensional geologic models. ```

Answer 67

Tectonic processes

Question 68

areas where | settlements must not be built

Answer 68

​ permanent danger zones