ga history Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
For whom was Georgia named?
A
King George II of the Hanoverian line of British monarchs.
2
Q
- Of which nation was Georgia a colony?
A
Great Britain.
3
Q
- In what year was the Georgia colony founded?
A
1732 was the date its government charter was issued; 1733 was the date it was settled by colonists.
4
Q
- Where was the original settlement of the Georgia colony located?
A
On Yamacraw Bluff, which is today part of downtown Savannah.
5
Q
- What group of immigrants settled the Ebenezer community in Effingham County?
A
The Salzburgers, who came as Protestants fleeing persecution by the Catholic government of Austria in 1734-1735.
6
Q
- Which nation did the Georgia colonists fight for control of the coast in the 1700s?
A
Spain, which owned and controlled Florida and wanted control of the coast all the way up to Carolina.
7
Q
- Name the major Christian leader who spent time in colonial Georgia during the Great Awakening.
A
John Wesley, who spent time about 2 years in Savannah and St. Simon’s Island combined.
8
Q
- Which Christian church denomination did John Wesley leader found?
A
The Methodist Church.
9
Q
- Who was the Native American Indian chief whose tribe lived at Yamacraw Bluff?
A
Tomochichi of the Yamacraw tribe, a subset of the Creek Indians.
10
Q
- Who is considered the founder of the Georgia colony?
A
General James Oglethorpe, member of the House of Commons, British Parliament.
11
Q
- For what purposes was the colony founded?
A
To empty out British jails of debtors and give them a fresh start in life, to experiment with growing crops that were not being grown in other British colonies in North America, and to serve as a southern coastal military defense for the Carolina colony to the north.
12
Q
- Name a product that was grown in the Georgia colony experimentally.
A
Silk was the most famous one, which required importing mulberry trees and silkworms from the Far East, but wine was a lesser one, which required experimentation with a variety of grapes.
13
Q
- What institution was outlawed in the Georgia colony initially?
A
Slavery—specifically African chattel slavery as practiced in Carolina and other colonies.
14
Q
- Name the colonial Georgia fort located on St. Simon’s Island.
A
Fort Frederica, established in 1736, and named for the Prince of Wales, Frederick Louis.
15
Q
- Name one battle fought on the colonial Georgia coast to prevent a Spanish invasion.
A
The Battle of Bloody Marsh in 1742 on St. Simon’s Island.
16
Q
- What year did Georgia become a state in the United States?
A
In 1776 at the creation of the United States of America.
17
Q
- Name the Georgian(s) who signed the Declaration of Independence.
A
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton
18
Q
- Name the Georgian(s) who signed the U.S. Constitution.
A
William Few and Abraham Baldwin
19
Q
- Name the capital cities in Georgia’s history.
A
Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, and Atlanta
20
Q
- What major textile industry invention was made in Georgia in 1792?
A
The Cotton Gin (short for Cotton Engine)
21
Q
- Who got the U.S. patent for inventing the cotton gin?
A
Eli Whitney, a Connecticut educator who was visiting a plantation in Georgia.
22
Q
- What major U.S. General from the Revolutionary War owned the plantation where the cotton gin was invented?
A
General Nathaniel Greene, originally of Rhode Island, was granted the land as compensation for his Revolutionary War service.
23
Q
- What was the name of Gen Nathan Greene’s plantation?
A
Mulberry Grove
24
Q
- Where was Gen Nathan Greene’s plantation located?
A
In Chatham County, northwest of Savannah.
25
25. Who was the first governor of the State of Georgia?
Archibald Bulloch, who was also the great-great grandfather of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, the great-great-great grandfather of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, and the namesake for Bulloch County where Statesboro is located.
26
26. What land claims issue did Georgia get involved in that required settlement by the U.S. Supreme Court?
The Yazoo Land Claims fraud (or dispute), a complicated case in which the state government sold land along the Mississippi River to political insiders at a ridiculous discount only to have the sales repealed by a new state government the following year; the repeal was challenged by purchasers of the land and overturned in Fletcher v. Peck (1810) by the Marshall court which held that the contracts were binding even though the deal was unethical and unpopular.
27
27. What U.S. fort guarded the entrance to Savannah by river in the War of 1812?
Fort (James) Jackson, also called Old Fort Jackson.
28
28. What military fort guarded the entrance to the Savannah River in the Civil War?
Fort Pulaski.
29
29. What Confederate fort guarded the entrance to the Ogeechee River in the Civil War?
Fort McAllister.
30
30. What was the most important Confederate prisoner of war camp located in west Georgia?
Camp Sumter, also called Andersonville Prison, located at the town of Andersonville in Sumter and Macon Counties, where some 13,000 Union soldiers met their deaths.
31
31. What was the most important Confederate prisoner of war camp located in east Georgia?
Camp Lawton in Jenkins County, which held more than 10,000 Union soldiers for about 6 weeks in 1864.
32
32. Who was the Confederate general who defended the Chattanooga to Atlanta corridor?
General Joseph Johnston, who had lost his command in Virginia to Robert E. Lee upon being wounded there in 1862, then lost his command in Georgia due to his reluctance to go on the offensive.
33
33. What Civil War battle was fought just below Chattanooga across the state line in Georgia?
The Battle of Chickamauga, which was fought in September 1863 and resulted in the largest number of casualties of any Civil War battle other than Gettysburg.
34
34. What “mountain” served as a Civil War battle site just north of Atlanta?
Kennesaw Mountain.
35
35. Which Confederate general was defeated in the Battle of Atlanta?
General John Bell Hood, who upon replacing Joseph Johnston, went on the offensive and suffered decisive defeat.
36
36. What was U.S. General Sherman’s overland campaign to get from Atlanta to Savannah called?
The March to the Sea, also known as the Savannah Campaign, which lasted from November 15 to December 21, 1864.
37
37. What historic home in Savannah served as U.S. General Sherman’s headquarters in early 1865?
The Green-Meldrim House at Madison Square on Macon Street.
38
38. What historic document did U.S. General Sherman issue in Savannah pertaining to confiscation and redistribution of property in coastal Georgia in 1865?
Special Field Order No. 15, which authorized 400,000 acres of land in Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida, be given to former slaves in 40 acre plots, and which led to the expression “40 acres and a mule.”
39
39. At what creek in Effingham County did hundreds of slaves drown in 1864 while following Sherman’s army?
Ebenezer Creek, which flows into the Savannah River at the site of the Salzburger settlement of Ebenezer just northwest of Savannah.
40
40. Name the Georgian who served as Vice President of the Confederate States of America.
Alexander H. Stephens of Crawfordville.
41
41. What is the date of Georgia’s secession from the United States?
January 19, 1861 (It was the fifth of the eleven states to secede).
42
42. What is the date of Georgia’s readmission to the United States after the Civil War?
July 15, 1870 (It was the last of the eleven states to be readmitted).
43
43. Name the Georgian who served as U. S. Attorney General and prosecuted Ku Klux Klan leaders during Reconstruction.
Amos T. Akerman of Cartersville, who successfully prosecuted more than 1,000 KKK leaders in 1870-1871.
44
44. Name one black Christian minister in Georgia who served as a civil rights leader in the late 1800s.
Although several could be named, Bishop Henry M. Turner of the AME Church made a big impact by serving in the Georgia state legislature, the Freedmen’s Bureau, as Postmaster of Macon, and as Chancellor of Morris Brown College in Atlanta.
45
45. Name the Georgian who authored Gone with the Wind.
Margaret Mitchell, born and reared in Atlanta, published this Pulitzer Prize winning novel in 1936 about the burning of her home town during the Civil War.
46
46. Name the Georgian who authored the Uncle Remus tales.
Joel Chandler Harris of Eatonton, an Associate Editor of the Atlanta Constitution published several volumes of these “Br’er Rabbit and Br’er Fox” stories from the 1880s to the early 1900s.
47
47. Name the Georgian who authored the Marshes of Glynn.
Sidney Lanier of Macon published this poem in 1878.
48
48. Name the Georgian who authored Good Country People.
Flannery O’Connor of Milledgeville published this short story in 1955.
49
49. What northwest Georgia college was established first as a boys’ school in 1902?
Berry College in Rome.
50
50. Name the Georgian who advocated for establishing the “New South” in and after 1874?
Henry Grady, editor of the Atlanta Constitution.
51
51. Who was most famous for encouraging the industrialization of Georgia in the late 1800s?
Also Henry Grady.
52
52. Which black leader gave a famous speech at the Atlanta Cotton States Exposition in 1895?
Booker T. Washington, the “Wizard of Tuskegee,” who was widely recognized as the spokesman for African Americans at the time.
53
53. Where does Georgia rank in geographic size among all states east of the Mississippi River?
First. It is the largest state in the eastern U.S.
54
54. Name the Georgian who founded the Girl Scouts of the United States of America.
Juliette Gordon Low of Savannah created this organization in 1912 after meeting the founder of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides of Great Britain.
55
55. What popular new drink did John S. Pemberton first concoct in an Atlanta pharmacy in 1886?
Coca-Cola, originally marketed as a medicinal tonic that doubled as a refreshing drink.
56
56. Name the Georgian who ran for U.S. President as the People’s Party candidate in 1904 and 1908.
Tom Watson of Thompson.
57
57. What were poor Georgia farmers called during the Populist movement in the late 1800s?
The Wool Hat Boys.
58
58. Name the famous black civil rights leader who first taught at Atlanta University from 1897 to 1910.
W. E. B. Du Bois, who became a founding father of the NAACP, while living in Atlanta in 1909.
59
59. Name one famous book black civil rights leader DU Bois published while living in Atlanta.
The Souls of Black Folks (1903) was perhaps Du Bois’ best known work.
60
60. What book by Robert Elliott Burns became a major Hollywood movie in 1932?
I Am a Fugitive from a Georgia Chain Gang! is based on the true story of a New Yorker who was arrested for a petty crime, sentenced to 10 years hard labor, and escaped to tell his story.
61
61. Name Georgia’s most famous political leader of the Progressive Movement of the early 1900s.
Hoke Smith, who served as both a governor (1907-09, 1911) and a U.S. senator (1911-1921).
62
62. Name the famous black civil rights leader who grew up in Atlanta in a family of Baptist ministers and became one himself.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who was originally named “Michael,” lived on Auburn Avenue, grew up in Ebenezer Baptist Church, and attended Morehouse College in Atlanta.
63
63. Name one town in Georgia where a major civil rights protest made national news in 1961-1962.
Albany, in the southwestern part of the state, became a focal point when MLK was arrested and jailed there more than once.
64
64. Name the major civil rights organization founded in 1957 that was headquartered in Atlanta.
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), founded by some of the biggest names in the Civil Rights Movement, including Georgians MLK and Ralph Abernathy.
65
65. Name the black Methodist minister in Atlanta who helped found this civil rights organization sclc.
Joseph Lowery, who, although originally from Alabama, made his home in Atlanta since 1968.
66
66. Name one place in southeastern Georgia where civil rights activists received training in non-violent protest tactics.
Dorcester Academy near Midway in Liberty County served as an arm of the SCLC from 1961 to 1971 under the guidance of Septima Clark, who is sometimes called the Queen Mother of the Civil Rights Movement.
67
67. How many counties does Georgia currently have?
159, which is the most of any state east of the Mississippi River and second most overall.
68
68. Name the only U.S. President to be born and reared in Georgia.
James Earl “Jimmy” Carter, Jr., a Democrat from the town of Plains in Sumter County in central-west Georgia was elected in 1976 and served 1977-1981.
69
69. Name the U.S. President whose mother came from Roswell, Georgia.
Theodore Roosevelt, a Republican whose mother Martha lived there from age 4 until she married her New York City husband and moved there with him in 1853.
70
70. Name the U.S. President who lived for a time in Augusta, Georgia, as a child.
Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat who was elected in 1912 and served 1913-1921, lived there from 1858 to 1870.
71
71. Name the U.S. President who had a vacation home in west Georgia in the 1930s-1940s.
Franklin Roosevelt, a Democrat from New York, built his southern getaway in 1932 near the town of Warm Springs where his polio rehabilitation institute was located.
72
72. What was the nickname of that U.S. president’s FDR vacation home?
It was dubbed the “Little White House.”
73
73. Name the Native American Indian alliance that was indigenous to most of Georgia from colonial times to the 1800s.
The Creeks, so named as a shorthand for those Indians living along Ochese Creek near Macon, who were not a single tribe but an assortment of tribes that numbered perhaps 10,000 at their peak in the 1760s.
74
74. Where in Georgia are the Ocmulgee Mounds located?
On the northeastern side of the Ocmulgee River right beside Macon, the origin of the mounds is not known, but they were used by natives until abandoned in the 1100s.
75
75. Name two other Native American Indian Mound sites in Georgia.
The Etowah Mounds, northwest of Atlanta near Cartersville, and the Kolomoki Mounds in the southwest corner of the state.
76
76. Which tribe was forcibly removed from North Georgia and sent to Oklahoma in the late 1830s through what came to be known as the Trail of Tears?
The Cherokee.
77
77. Name one of the leaders of this North Georgia tribe in the early 1800s.
John Ross, Major Ridge, and John Ridge were three of the principle leaders who had the job and misfortune of dealing with the U.S. government and the State of Georgia at the time of the removal.
78
78. Name the capital city of this North Georgia tribe in the 1820s-1830s.
New Echota in the northwest corner of the state was a new town built to be a Cherokee village modeled after a typical white town in America at the time, complete with a newspaper operation.
79
79. What Georgia town hosted the first great gold rush in U.S. History?
Dahlonega in central north Georgia was the site of this 1829 gold rush, which exacerbated the tensions between the Cherokee and the white people of Georgia.
80
80. Name one U.S. Supreme Court case that dealt with this issue of Indian Removal in the 1830s.
Worcester v. Georgia (1832) was a complicated case involving a white missionary name Worcester who defended the Cherokee against government attempts to remove them from Georgia.
81
81. What southern rock group recorded some of their biggest hits in Macon, Georgia, in the 1970s on the Capricorn label?
The Allman Brothers Band.
82
82. Name the Georgian who was one-half of a Hollywood comedy duo who made more than 100 films from the 1920s through the 1950s.
Oliver Hardy, who was born in Harlem, Georgia, but grew up in Milledgeville.
83
83. What R & B singer from Augusta scored a #1 hit in 1965 with I Got You (I Feel Good)?
James Brown, often called the Godfather of Soul.
84
84. What R & B group from Atlanta had a #1 hit with Midnight Train to Georgia in 1973?
Gladys Knight and the Pips
85
85. What Country music artist from Newnan scored a #1 hit in 1992 with the song Chattahoochee?
Alan Jackson.
86
86. What Marietta rock band had huge success with the album Shake Your Money Maker in 1990?
The Black Crowes.
87
87. What book by John Berendt depicts some true events of a murder investigation in Savannah?
Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil.
88
88. Name the U.S. Supreme Court Justice from Savannah.
Clarence Thomas.
89
89. Name the Atlanta Braves player who held the all-time home run record in major league baseball from 1974 to 2007.
Henry “Hank” Aaron, who hit number 715 in 1974 to break Babe Ruth’s record and ended his career with 755.
90
90. Name the black player from Cairo, Georgia, who broke the color barrier in major league baseball in 1945.
Jackie Robinson, who moved with his family to California before he was even one year old.
91
91. What world-renowned sporting event has taken place in Augusta every year since 1934?
The Masters’ Golf Tournament held at the Augusta National Golf Club.
92
92. What popular television series was/is filmed primarily in Coweta County, Georgia, since its 2010 debut?
“The Walking Dead.”
93
93. Name the businessman who founded the first round-the-clock cable television news channel in 1978 in Atlanta.
Ted Turner.
94
94. What was/is the name of that channel founded by Ted Turner?
The Cable News Network, better known as CNN.
95
95. What dam burst in northeast Georgia in 1977 killing 39 people in the valley below?
The Toccoa Falls dam, located above Toccoa Falls College, broke before dawn on November 6, tragically sweeping the sleeping residents to death.
96
96. Name the largest blackwater swamp in North America, which is located mostly in Georgia.
At more than 400,000 acres, the Okefenokee Swamp is a National Natural Landmark that contains a National Wildlife Refuge and a National Wilderness, covers parts of 4 counties in southeastern Georgia and crosses the Florida state line.
97
97. Name the Georgia location where the Ku Klux Klan was re-established in 1915.
On top of Stone Mountain, Georgia, which has been called erroneously “the largest piece of granite in the world,” and which is located just east of Atlanta.
98
98. Where in Georgia was a discussion held by some of the wealthiest men in the USA that led to the creation of the Federal Reserve Banking System in 1913?
On Jekyll Island, on the coast near the town of Brunswick and adjacent to St. Simon’s Island, at the “Jekyll Island Club,” a resort owned in part by J. P. Morgan, Joseph Pulitzer, and members of the Rockefeller and Vanderbilt families.
99
99. Name the first full college for women ever established in the USA, which is located in Macon.
Wesleyan College, founded in 1836.
100
100. What crop serves as Georgia’s state fruit?
The peach.
