Gait And Movement Analysis

Question 1

Circumduction in swing

Answer 1

• Hip flexor weakness

- DF weakness

Question 2

INITIAL CONTACT at hip, knee, ankle

Answer 2

Hip = 20 degrees flexion (extensors act to prevent trunk flexion)
Knee = 5 degrees flexion (to absorb shock)
Ankle = 0

Question 3

MIDSTANCE at hip, knee, ankle

Answer 3

Hip = 0 (abductors stabilizing pelvis)
Knee = 5 degrees flexion (quads then passive)
Ankle = 5 degrees dorsiflexion

Question 4

Spasticity, PF contracture, or absent proprioception affects foot placement + without BBS <43/56, severe spasticity, or absent proprioception

Answer 4

Articulating AFO PF stop

Question 5

Absent heel rise in mid- and terminal stance

Answer 5

PF weakness

Question 6

Limited hip extension in mid- and terminal stance

Answer 6

• Hip flexor contracture/spasticity

- Hip extensor weakness

Question 7

Excessive PF in mid- and terminal stance

Answer 7

• PF contracture
• PF spasticity
• Quad weakness

Question 8

Excessive knee buckling

Answer 8

• Quad weakness

- Hamstring spasticity

Question 9

MIDSWING at hip, knee, ankle

Answer 9

Hip = 25 degrees flexion
Knee = 25 degrees flexion
Ankle = 0

Question 10

Excessive knee flexion/buckling mid- and terminal stance

Answer 10

• Hamstring contracture/spasticity
• Quads weakness
• Excessive DF
• Knee pain

Question 11

Past-retract in swing

Answer 11

• Impaired motor control (unable to extend knee with hip flexed)
• Compensation to achieve knee stability during loading response

Question 12

No spasticity, PF contracture, or absent proprioception affects foot placement

Answer 12

Articulated AFO with/without DF assist stop/assist

Question 13

INITIAL SWING at hip, knee, ankle

Answer 13

Hip = 15 degrees flexion
Knee = 60 degrees flexion
Ankle = 5 degrees plantarflexion

Question 14

Early heel rise in mid-stance

Answer 14

• PF spasticity
• Heel pain
• Excessive knee flexion

Question 15

Hip hiking in swing

Answer 15

• Compensation of lack of knee flex/ankle DF

Question 16

Excessive DF in mid- and terminal stance

Answer 16

• PF weakness
• Knee or hip flexor contracture
• Crouched gait

Question 17

Hip abduction/scissoring in swing

Answer 17

• Adductor spasticity

- Contralateral abductor weakness

Question 18

TERMINAL SWING at hip, knee, ankle

Answer 18

Hip = 20 degrees flexion
Knee = 5 degrees flexion 
Ankle = 0

Question 19

TERMINAL STANCE at hip, knee, ankle

Answer 19

Hip = 20 degrees extension (PASSIVE)
Knee = 5 degrees flexion (PASSIVE)
Ankle = 10 degrees dorsiflexion

Question 20

LOADING RESPONSE at hip, knee, ankle

Answer 20

Hip = 20 degrees flexion
Knee = 15 degrees flexion (accepts the load)
Ankle = 5 degrees plantarflexion

Question 21

Spasticity, PF contracture, or absent proprioception affects foot placement + BBS <43/56, severe spasticity, or absent proprioception

Answer 21

Solid AFO

Question 22

Absent heel strike

Answer 22

• Excessive knee flexion in TSw (quad weakness or hamstring spasticity)
• Excessive PF in TSw (PF spasticity or DF weakness)
• Heel pain

Question 23

Knee hyper ext in mid- and terminal stance

Answer 23

• PF weakness/contracture
• Hip ext weakness
• Quad weakness
• Quad spasticity
• Impaired proprioception

Question 24

Completion criteria for KAFO

Answer 24

1. Come to stand with AD Ind (3 sessions)
2. Stand and walk through // bars with open hands Ind (1 session)
3. Walk with AD 20 steps with SBA (2 sessions)

Question 25

PRESWING at hip, knee, ankle

Answer 25

``` Hip = 10 degrees extension (adductors to assist with swing initiation) Knee = 40 degrees flexion (PASSIVE) Ankle = 15 degrees plantarflexion (PASSIVE) ```

Question 26

Foot slap

Answer 26

DF weakness

Question 27

Hip external reputation at mid- and terminal stance

Answer 27

- Limited ankle DF mobility

Question 28

Decreased foot clearance in swing

Answer 28

- Limited hip/knee flexion or excessive PF | - Impaired proprioception

Question 29

Participation criteria for KAFO

Answer 29

1. No contracture of hip/knee/ankle 2. SLR 0-110 degrees 3. Ind with transfers including wheelchair to floor 4. Max VO2 >20 mL/kg/min 5. 50 continuous full dips in // bars

Question 30

Excessive hip/knee flexion (steppage)

Answer 30

- DF weakness | - PF spasticity