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anatomy and exercise > Gaseous exchange > Flashcards

Gaseous exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What is tissue respiration?

A

The process by which cells use oxygen in order to release energy

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2
Q

What is pulmonary respiration?

A

The process of supplying fresh air to the alveoli which make up lung tissue

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3
Q

How does oxygen diffuse from the lungs into the blood?

A

Oxygen diffuses from alveoli across the alveolar wall, respiratory membrane and capillary wall into red blood cells

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4
Q

How does carbon dioxide diffuse from the blood into the lungs?

A

Carbon dioxide diffuses in opposite direction from the red blood cell and from blood plasma into the alveoli

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5
Q

What is the pathway of carbon dioxide? And what percentage of air breathed out is carbon dioxide?

A
  • CO2 concentration in venous blood arriving at the alveoli is high
  • CO2 is carried to the lungs in the venous blood from tissue sites after tissue respiration
  • CO2 concentration in the lungs is low
  • therefore CO2 diffuses across the alveolar membrane into the lungs where it is exhaled
  • between 3% and 6% of air breathed out is CO2
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6
Q

What is the pathway of oxygen?

A
  • In active muscle cells, there is a low concentration of O2
  • whereas the blood (in capillaries) has a high concentration of O2
  • therefore O2 diffuses across the capillary membranes into the muscle cell
  • where it is picked up by myoglobin
  • which carries O2 to mitochondria where it is used to recreate ATP needed for muscle contraction
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7
Q

What is total lung capacity (TLC)?

A

The total volume of air in the lungs following maximum inspiration

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8
Q

What is vital capacity (VC)?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be forcibly expired following maximum inspiration

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9
Q

What is tidal volume (TV)?

A

The volume of air inspired or expired per breath

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10
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

A

The volume of air forcibly inspired above resting tidal volume

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11
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

A

The volume of air forcibly expired above resting tidal volume

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12
Q

What is residual volume (RV)?

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration

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13
Q

How do you work out the inspiratory capacity?

A

TV + IRV

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14
Q

How do you work out the expiratory capacity?

A

TV + ERV

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15
Q

How do you work out the vital capacity (VC)?

A

TV + IRV + ERV

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16
Q

How do you work out the functional residual capacity?

A

RV + ERV

17
Q

How do you work out the total lung capacity?

A

VC + RV

18
Q

How do you work out minute ventilation (VE)?

A

VE = TV x F

anatomy and exercise (10 decks)

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