Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 basic functions of the digestive system?

A
  • Ingestion.
  • Movement of food.
  • Digestion.
  • Absorption.
  • Defecation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 4 processes happen in mechanical digestion?

A
  • Movement of food
  • maceration of food
  • smooth muscle churns food.
  • Mixed with enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens in chemical digestion?

A

Enzyme split large carbohydrates, lipids and proteins into smaller molecules which are absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 groups are the digestive organs divided into?

A
  • Accessory structures.

- Alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 6 accessory digestive organs?

A
  • Teeth.
  • Tongue.
  • Salivary glands.
  • Liver.
  • Gallbladder.
  • Pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long is the alimentary canal?

A

30 ft in a dead body shorter in a live person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum do?

A
  • Lines abdominopelvic cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum do?

A

Covers organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Space between parietal and viscera peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity contain?

A

Serous fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the 4 parts of the peritoneum.

A
  • Mesentery.
  • Mesocolon
  • Greater Omentum
  • Lesser Omentum.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of the mesentery?

A
  • Binds intestine to posterior of body cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of the Mesocolon?

A
  • Binds large intestine
  • Allows movement of small and large intestine.
  • Support and attachment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the functions of the Greater Omentum?

A
  • Large folds drape over small and large intestine.
  • Large amounts of fat deposits.
  • Lymph Nodes.
  • Gut infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the 6 areas of the oral cavity.

A
  • Cheeks.
  • Hard and soft palate.
  • Tongue.
  • Labia (lips)
  • Frenulum
  • Uvula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The tongue is made up of 2 symmetrical halves. What separates the 2 halves?

A
  • Medial septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the medial septum of the tongue attach to?

A

Hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the attachment below the tongue called?

A

Lingual frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 3 areas of the pharynx called?

A
  • Nasopharynx.
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

There are 3 sets of the salivary glands, name them.

A
  • Parotid.
  • Submandibular
  • sublingual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A tooth is made up of which areas?

A
  • Crown.
  • Neck.
  • Roots (1 to 3)
  • Pulp cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the pulp of teeth contain?

A
  • Blood vessels.
  • Nerves.
  • Lymphatic vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the composition of teeth?

A
  • Enamel (made of calcium phosphate or carbonate)
  • Dentine (calcified connective tissue)
  • Cementum (Bone like)
24
Q

What is tooth enamel made of?

A

Calcium phosphate or carbonate

25
Q

What is dentine made out of?

A

Calcified connective tissue

26
Q

What penetrates the cementum of the tooth?

A

Periodontal ligament

27
Q

How long is the oesophagus?

A

25 cm

28
Q

Where does the oesophagus lie?

A

Posterior to the trachea

29
Q

During peristalsis, what muscles above the food bolus contract constricting the diameter of the oesophagus?

A

The circular muscles

30
Q

During peristalsis, what muscles below the food bolus contract shortening the oesophagus?

A

Longitudinal muscles

31
Q

What are the 4 main areas of the stomach?

A
  • Cardiac
  • Fundus.
  • Body.
  • Pylorus
32
Q

What are the folds of the mucosa inside the stomach called?

A

Rugae

33
Q

What size is the pancreas?

A

12 to 15 cm

34
Q

What 2 ducts connect the pancreas to the duodenum?

A
  • Pancreatic duct

- Duct of Santorini

35
Q

The common bile duct enters the duodenum by the common hepatopancreatic duct at which ampula?

A

Ampulla of Vater

36
Q

How much pancreatic juice does the pancreas produce each day?

A

1200 to 1500 ml of juice/day

37
Q

What does pancreatic juice contain?

A
  • Water & salts
  • sodium bicarbonate.
  • Pancreatic amylase.
  • Trypsin.
  • Pancreatic lipase
  • Ribonuclease
  • Deoxyribonuclease
38
Q

What does the enzyme trypsin digest?

A

Protein

39
Q

How are hepatocytes arranged in the liver?

A

In lobules

40
Q

What are liver sinusoids?

A

Blood filled spaces between hepatocytes

41
Q

What is the function of Kupffer cells in liver?

A

Phagocytose microbes and foreign matter

42
Q

How big is the gallbladder?

A

7 to 10 cm

43
Q

What shape is the gallbladder?

A

Pear shaped

44
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

On the visceral surface of the liver

45
Q

What size is small intestine?

A

1 cm diameter, 3 m long

46
Q

What percentage of absorption takes place in the small intestine?

A

90%

47
Q

Name the 3 regions of the small intestine, and how long are they?

A
  • Duodenum (25 cm)
  • Jejunum (1 m)
  • Ileum (2 m)
48
Q

What adaptations does the small intestine have for absorption?

A

Large surface area which is increased by villi and micro villi.

49
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A
  • Completes absorption
  • Manufactures vitamins
  • formation and expulsion of faeces
50
Q

What size of the large intestine?

A

6.5 cm diameter, 1.5 m long

51
Q

What attaches the large intestine to the posterior of the body wall?

A

The mesocolon membrane

52
Q

The large intestine is divided into 4 regions, name, these

A
  • Caecum.
  • Colon
  • Rectum.
  • Anal canal
53
Q

The caecum is the blind pouch, how long is it?

A

6 cm

54
Q

What sort of tissue is found in the Vermiform appendix?

A

Lymphatic tissue

55
Q

The colon is divided into 4 regions name these.

A
  • Ascending colon.
  • Transverse colon.
  • Descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
56
Q

What is the mesentary?

A
  • Serous covering of the small intestine.

Anatomy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions