Gender Identity

Question 1

Sexual behaviour may be deemed abnormal if:

Answer 1

• it deviates from the norms of one’s society
• it is self-defeating
• harms others
• causes personal distress
• interferes with one’s ability to function

Question 2

What is Gender Identity?

Answer 2

One’s psychological sense of being female or male

Question 3

What is Gender Identity Disorder? (gender dysphoria)

Answer 3

A disorder in which the individual believes that her or his anatomic gender is inconsistent with his or her psychological sense of being male or female
-5x as many boys as girls have this

Question 4

What is Gender Reassignment

Answer 4

the process of transition through medical intervention

Question 5

Psychodynamic perspective on gender identity disorder

Answer 5

• Extremely close mother son relationships
• Parents with empty relationships
• Fathers who were absent or detached

Question 6

Learning Theories on Gender Identity disorder

Answer 6

Unavailability of a strong male role model

Question 7

What is exhibitionism?

Answer 7

Involves recurrent, powerful urges to expose one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger in order to surprise, shock, or sexually arouse the victim

• not interested in actual sexual contact with the victim
• people with this tend to be shy, lacking in social and sexual skills

Question 8

What is Fetishism?

Answer 8

A person uses an inanimate object or a body part as a focus of sexual interest and as a source of arousal

Question 9

What is Transvestic Fetishism?

Answer 9

The chief feature is recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies involving cross-dressing for purposes of sexual arousal
-typically heterosexual men who dress up like women

Question 10

What is Voyeurism?

Answer 10

Either acting on or being strongly distressed by recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving watching unsuspecting people, generally strangers, who are undressing, disrobing or engaging in sexual activity

• “peeping” for sexual excitement
• viewing porn doesn’t count, has to be watching UNSUSPECTING people

Question 11

What is Frotteurism?

Answer 11

• urges or fantasies involving rubbing against or touching a non-consenting person
• generally occurs in crowded places, brief contact
• the French word frottage refers to the artistic technique of making a drawing by rubbing against a raised object

Question 12

Pedophelia

Answer 12

Recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies involving sexual activity with prepubescent children (typically 13+)

• doesn’t necessarily mean they acted on these fantasies, just the fact that they had them is enough
• to be diagnosed, must be over 16 and at least 5 years older than person having fantasies about

Question 13

What are 2 pathways to developing persistent sexual offending against children?

Answer 13

• Antisociality
• Sexual attraction to prepubescent children (pedophelia)

-Presence of both indicates very high likelihood that a person will offend against children

Question 14

What is Sexual Masochism?

Answer 14

Involves recurrent urges and fantasies relating to sexual acts that involve being humiliated, bound, flogged or made to suffer in other ways
-Hypoxyphilia: sexually aroused by being deprived of oxygen

Question 15

What is Sexual Sadism?

Answer 15

Recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies of engaging in acts in which the person is sexually aroused by inflicting physical suffering or humiliation on another person
-Sadomasochism: sexual interaction involving both sadistic and masochistic acts

Question 16

What is Telephone scatologia?

Answer 16

making obscene phone calls

Question 17

What is Necrophilia?

Answer 17

sexual urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with corpses

Question 18

What is partialism?

Answer 18

sole focus on part of the body

Question 19

What is Zoophilia?

Answer 19

Urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with animals

Question 20

What is Coprophilia?

Answer 20

Sexual arousal associated with feces

Question 21

What is Klismaphilia?

Answer 21

Sexual arousal associated with enemas

Question 22

What is Urophilia?

Answer 22

Sexual arousal associated with urine

Question 23

Psychodynamic perspective on paraphilias?

Answer 23

A defence against leftover castration anxiety, displace sexual arousal into other activities

Question 24

What is learning theory perspective on paraphilias?

Answer 24

Conditioning and observational learning- object or activity becomes inadvertently associated with sexual arousal

Question 25

CBT perspective on paraphilias

Answer 25

Guided learning, motivations, group processes, over-learning, skill development

Question 26

What is psychoanalysts treatment of paraphilias?

Answer 26

Bring childhood sexual conflicts into awareness so that they can be resolved in the light of the individuals adult personality

Question 27

What is the behavioural treatment of paraphilias?

Answer 27

Used aversive conditioning to induce negative emotional reaction to paraphilic stimuli or fantasies

Question 28

What is CBT treatment for paraphilias?

Answer 28

Building social skills, and the development of stress-management skill

Question 29

SSRI

Answer 29

treat anxiety and depression

Question 30

What are the 3 types of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 30

1) Sexual interest/desire disorder 2) Orgasm disorder 3) Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder -these categories correspond to the first three phases of the sexual response cycle

Question 31

What is Female Sexual Interest/Desire Disorder

Answer 31

Difficulty becoming sexually aroused Hypoactive- lack of sexual interest -most common in women

Question 32

What is Male Erectile Disorder

Answer 32

difficulty in achieving or maintaining erection during sexual activity

Question 33

What are 3 types of Orgasm disorder

Answer 33

1) Female orgasmic disorder 2) male orgasmic disorder- rare 3) Premature Ejaculation- most common disorder in men

Question 34

What is Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

Answer 34

- Intense fear/anxiety in anticipation of, during, or as a result of vaginal intercourse - actual pain experienced in pelvis or vulvovaginal area during attempted or as a result of vaginal penetration - marked tensing or tightening of the lower pelvic/ab muscles during attempted penetration

Question 35

Biological perspectives on sexual dysfunction

Answer 35

-Deficient testosterone production and thyroid over activity or under activity are among the many biological conditions that can lead to impaired sexual desire

Question 36

Psychodynamic perspectives on sexual dysfunction

Answer 36

conflicts of the phyllic stage

Question 37

Learning Perspectives on sexual dysfunction

Answer 37

- sexual abuse | - sexual skills need to be taught through partners, reading, talking to others

Question 38

Cognitive perspectives on sexual dysfunctions

Answer 38

- irrational beliefs; catastrophize single incidents - anxiety leads to shame and embarrassment - failure leads to avoidance - Barlow: interfering cognitions which include expectations of failure

Question 39

Sociocultural Perspectives on sexual dysfunctions

Answer 39

- performance anxiety - restricted beliefs about sex - connection b/w man's sexual performance and his manhood- if he fails, he feels embarrassed, ego is shot

Question 40

What can sex therapy be used for?

Answer 40

- Sexual interest/desire disorders- use of self stimulation exercises together, start with partner stimulation in non-genital areas and slowly progress - Disorders of arousal: sensate focus exercises- nondemand sexual contacts, mutual pleasure activities, taking turns - Disorders of orgasm- directed masturbation, stop and go technique for premature ejaculation - Genito-pelvic pain/penetration

Question 41

Biological treatments of male sexual dysfunction

Answer 41

Viagra, Cialis | SSRIs

Question 42

What does paraphilia mean?

Answer 42

people show sexual arousal in response to atypical stimuli | -fantasies and sexual urges involving these things that last for longer than 6 months

Question 43

Are all molestors pedophiles?

Answer 43

No! - pedophiles are usually well acquainted with their victims - not stereotypical dirty old men, just normal 30 to 40 yr old guys

Question 44

3 levels of sexual assault

Answer 44

Level 1: any non-consensual bodily contact for a sexual purpose Level 2: sexual assault with a weapon Level 3: aggravated sexual assault, victim is maimed or disfigured and has life endangered

Question 45

Two phase process of treating sexual assault victims?

Answer 45

1) assists women in coping with the immediate aftermath of sexual assault 2) helps them with their long term adjustment

Question 46

What is sexual aversion disorder?

Answer 46

strong aversion to genital sexual contact and avoid all or nearly all genital contact with partner

Question 47

Sexual arousal disorders

Answer 47

Female sexual arousal disorder or male erectile disorder | -inability to achieve or maintain the physiological responses involved in sexual arousal or excitement

Question 48

Dyspareunia

Answer 48

sexual intercourse is associated with recurrent pain in the genital region -usually due to insufficient lubrication or UTI

Question 49

Vaginismus

Answer 49

involuntary spasm of muscles surrounding vagina

Question 50

Diabetes is most common organic cause of ______ disfunction

Answer 50

erectile