General Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

The study of Drugs, their sources, their characteristics, and their effects

Question 2

Asprin

Answer 2

medication used to reduce the clotting ability of blood to prevent and treat clots associated with myocardial infraction

Question 3

When to administer Asprin

Answer 3

patients with chest pain of a suspected cardiac origin. In the event that a heart attack is occurring, asprin reduces the bloods ability to clot and works to prevent the clot formation that causes damage tot he heart.

Question 4

When not to administer Asprin

Answer 4

Patient has allergies and/or has gastrointestinal bleeding that can be made worse by the administration of Asprin. Follow protocol

Question 5

Oral Glucose

Answer 5

Form of glucose given by mouth to great an awake patient (able to swallow) with an altered status and history of diabetes

Question 6

Oxygen

Answer 6

gas commonly found in the atmosphere pure oxygen is used as a drug to treat any patient whose medical or traumatic condition may cause to be hypoxic.

Question 7

Active Charcoal

Answer 7

powder prepared from charred wood, usually premixed with water to form a slurry. used to treat a poisoning or overdose when a substance is swallowed and is in the patient’s digestive tract. It will absorb some poisons (binds them to the surfaces of the charcoal) and help prevent them from being absorbed in the body

Question 8

Inhaler

Answer 8

spray device with a mouth piece that contains an aerosol form of a medication that a patient can spray into their airway

Question 9

Side effects of using an inhaler

Answer 9

increased heart rate,jitteriness

Question 10

Nitroglycerin

Answer 10

drug that helps dilate the coronary vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood

Question 11

When not to administer Nitro

Answer 11

if patient has taken anything to treat erectile dysfunction (viagra or similar medications) because of the possibility of a serious negative interaction with these drugs

Question 12

Epinephrine

Answer 12

drug that helps to constrict the blood vessels and relax passages of the airway. it may be used to counter a severe allergic reaction

Question 13

Effects of Epinephrine

Answer 13

Increased heart rate and blood pressure commonly occur after its administration

Question 14

Asthma Pathophysiology

Answer 14

small airways become reactive and constrict resulting in air trapping
TRIGGERS:
exercise, allergens, respiratory viruses, and even asprin and non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Question 15

Asthma Action of Medication

Answer 15

Albuterol is most commonly used in an inhaler and in nebulizers.
Albuterol act on the (beta2) receptors of the sympathetic nervous system, which results in dilation of the airways
Albuterol acts primarily on the specific receptors meaning their will be limited cardiac effects

Question 16

Anaphylaxis Pathophysiology

Answer 16

life-threatening response of the immune system. affects major systems such as the circulatory and respiratory systems and if untreated may cause death
begins when the body overreaction to an antigen. Common causes are bee stings, peanut butter, and medication allergies.
The allergic reaction causes the body to release a variety of substances, including histamine, which cause vasodilation and shock as well as bronchoconstriction. these substances also cause vascular permeability, fluid to enter and swell airways, lips, tongue, and throat.

Question 17

Anaphylaxis Action of Medication

Answer 17

Epinephrine auto-injector provides immediate and significant benefit to those suffering from anaphylaxis.
Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction by acting on the alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system reducing vascular permeability and edema found in the face and airway.
Ephinephrine also causes bronchodilation.

Question 18

Indications

Answer 18

specific signs or circumstances under which it is appropriate to administer a drug to a patient

Question 19

Contraindications

Answer 19

specific signs or circumstances under which it is not appropriate and may be harmful, to administer a drug to a patient

Question 20

Side Effects

Answer 20

any action of a drug other than the desired action

Question 21

Untoward effect

Answer 21

an effect of a medication in addition to its desired effect that may be potentially harmful to the patient

Question 22

parenteral

Answer 22

referring to a route of medication administration that does not use the gastrointestinal tract, such as an intravenous medication

Question 23

Enteral

Answer 23

referring to a route of medication administered that uses the gastrointestinal tract, such as swallowing pills

Question 24

The Five Rights

Answer 24

Do I have the right patient?
Is it the right time to administer this medication?
Is this the right medication?
Is this the right dose?
Am I giving this medication by the right route of administration?

Question 25

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 25

study of the effects of medications on the body

Question 26

After administration of Medication

Answer 26

Must reassess patient immediately and frequently repeated.
clearly document the medication administered.
Include” name of medication, dosage, route, time of administration, and effects noted.

Question 27

Analgesics

Answer 27

Drugs prescribed for Pain Relief

Question 28

Antidysrhythmics

Answer 28

Drugs Prescribed for Heart Rhythm Disorders

Question 29

Anticonvulsants

Answer 29

Drugs for prevention and control of seizures

Question 30

Antihypertensives

Answer 30

Drugs prescribed to reduce high blood pressure

Question 31

Bronchodilators

Answer 31

Drugs that relax the smooth muscle of the bronchial tubes. these medications provide relief of bronchial asthma and allergies affecting the respiratory system

Question 32

Antidiabetic agents

Answer 32

Drugs prescribed to diabetic patients to control hyperblycimia

Question 33

Antidepressant agents

Answer 33

drugs prescribed to help regulate the emotional activity of the patient to minimize the peaks and valleys in their psychological and emotional state

Question 34

EMTs steps for helping administer an IV

Answer 34

inspect IV for expiration date and see that fluid is clear and free of particles
select proper administration set
Connect extension set to the administration set
close regulator
insert spiked end of the tubing into fluid bad with quick twist
Hold bag higher than drip chamber
Open flow regulator allowing fluid to flush out air
turn off flow

Question 35

Maintaining an IV

Answer 35

Check and Correct:
constriction band used to raise vein for insertion of needle, flow regulator may be closed, clamp may be closed on tubing, tubing may kink, tubing may get caught under patient or the back board