Genetics

Question 1

What are the two methods of cell division

Answer 1

Mitosis & meiosis

Question 2

What cells does Mitosis occur

Answer 2

All cells apart from gametes (sex cells)

Question 3

Why does mitosis occur ( 2 )

Answer 3

1/ growth

2/ replace cells

Question 4

what is the first step of mitosis

Answer 4

The genetic material copies itself

Question 5

What is the second step

Answer 5

The genetic material separates and starts to form another nucleus

Question 6

what is the third step

Answer 6

The nuclei fully separate to form two nuclei

Question 7

The daughter cells have the ….. chromosomes

Answer 7

same ( 46 per cell )

Question 8

where does meiosis happen in females

Answer 8

ovaries

Question 9

where does meiosis happen in males

Answer 9

testes

Question 10

How many new cells does one meiosis process produce

Answer 10

4

Question 11

how many chromosomes does a double set have

Answer 11

46

Question 12

How many sets and chromosomes do cells produced in meiosis have

Answer 12

1 set (23 cells per cell)

Question 13

what is the first step of meiosis

Answer 13

genetic material copies itself

Question 14

what is the second step

Answer 14

cells divide into 2 cells with double sets each

Question 15

what is the third step

Answer 15

cells divide into 4 cells, each with a single set

Question 16

what is it called when and egg cells meet

Answer 16

zygote

Question 17

What are stem cells from embryos called

Answer 17

embryonic stem cells

Question 18

What 4 things could be cured with stem cell research

Answer 18

1/ Parkinson’s disease
2/ spinal cord injuries
3/ new organs
4/ type 1 diabetes

Question 19

What are the social standpoints on stem cell research ( 3 )

Answer 19

1/ save lives
2/ cure diseases
3/ save costs

Question 20

What are the ethical standpoints on stem cells

Answer 20

1/ killing humans?

2/ no right to interfere (religious views)

Question 21

Every human cell has how many chromosomes

Answer 21

46

Question 22

Chromosomes are made from

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

DNA is in which shape

Answer 23

Double helix

Question 24

the sections of DNA are called

Answer 24

Genes

Question 25

Genes control:

Answer 25

Features

Question 26

If you have an x and y chromosome you are a

Answer 26

male

Question 27

if you have an x and an x chromosomes you are a

Answer 27

female

Question 28

Fathers pass on which sex chromosomes

Answer 28

x and y

Question 29

Mothers pass on which sex chromosomes

Answer 29

x and x

Question 30

What is the possibility a baby is a male

Answer 30

50%

Question 31

what is the definition of a gene

Answer 31

short section of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 32

what are the 4 bases in DNA

Answer 32

A C G T

Question 33

How are genes programmed

Answer 33

ordering the bases

Question 34

What type of bases are on the other side

Answer 34

The complimentary bases

Question 35

How many bases code for 1 type of amino acid

Answer 35

3

Question 36

what are proteins made from

Answer 36

amino acids

Question 37

What could DNA fingerprinting be used for ( 2 )

Answer 37

1/ Paternity & Maternity | 2/ Criminal identification

Question 38

What is an allele

Answer 38

One version of a gene

Question 39

What is polydactlyly

Answer 39

Extra toes and/or fingers

Question 40

Polydactlyly is what kind of genetic disorder

Answer 40

dominant

Question 41

Cystic fibrosis affects what part of the cells

Answer 41

membranes

Question 42

What does it affecting membranes cause

Answer 42

thick, sticky, mucus

Question 43

What are the macroscopic effects of cystic fibrosis

Answer 43

1/ Affects pancreas and therefore digestion | 2/ Affects lungs and lining of the airways and therefore can stop oxygen getting oxygen getting in the blood

Question 44

Cystic fibrosis is what kind of genetic disorder

Answer 44

recessive

Question 45

What is meant by 'genotype'

Answer 45

The combination of alleles for a characteristic

Question 46

What is meant by 'phenotype'

Answer 46

The feature or characteristic that is expressed

Question 47

What is meant by heterozygous

Answer 47

Two different alleles

Question 48

What is mean by homozygous

Answer 48

Two same alleles

Question 49

Why did Gregor Mendel use pea plants

Answer 49

They grew easily and fast

Question 50

What was Gregor's first experiment

Answer 50

Mixed 2 purebred plants: one tall and one short

Question 51

What was the result of Gregor's first experiment

Answer 51

All the plants were tall

Question 52

Why was the first result unusual

Answer 52

Scientists at the time thought the plants produced would be somewhere in the middle

Question 53

What was his second experiment

Answer 53

Mixing two of the f1 generation plants

Question 54

What was the result of the second experiment

Answer 54

Mostly tall but a few short plants, none in the short (ratio of 3:1)

Question 55

What conclusion was drawn from the experiments ( 2 )

Answer 55

1/ The plants passed on inheritance factors | 2/ One plant passed on one feature and the other plant, another

Question 56

Why wasn't Mendel's work recognised at the time ( 3 )

Answer 56

1/ He wasn't a scientist, he was a monk 2/ His work was not published widely 3/ Genes had not been discovered

Question 57

What are the social issues of embryo screening ( 3 )

Answer 57

1/ Save lives 2/ Eradicate disease 3/ Increase quality of life

Question 58

What are the ethical issues of embryo screening ( 3 )

Answer 58

1/ Killing humans? 2/ No right to interfere 3/ designer babies

Question 59

What are the economical issues ( 3 )

Answer 59

1/ Save costs 2/ Medical treatment 3/ Drugs