genetics test 2

Question 1

what’s sexual reproduction

Answer 1

two parents create offspring that are unique, not identical to either parent

Question 2

whats asexual reproduction

Answer 2

one parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself-clones

Question 3

what does sexual reproduction require

Answer 3

sperm and egg

Question 4

how many chromosomes do body cells have

Answer 4

46

Question 5

how many chromosomes do gametes have

Answer 5

23

Question 6

what does 1n+1n=2n represent

Answer 6

23 chromosomes from dad pls 23 from mom make 46 chromosomes

Question 7

what are gametes made with

Answer 7

meiosis

Question 8

what is PMAT

Answer 8

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

Question 9

homologous chromosomes are separated into how many cells in meiosis

Answer 9

4

Question 10

what is a haploid

Answer 10

when a cell contains half the number of a full set of chromosomes

Question 11

what is a diploid

Answer 11

when a cell contains a full set of chromosomes

Question 12

what is an example of a haploid

Answer 12

gametes

Question 13

whats a centromere

Answer 13

where the two chromatids of a chromosome are joined together and where spindle fibers attach during cell division

Question 14

what happens during interphase for meiosis

Answer 14

It’s the resting phase, 1 round of DNA replication

Question 15

what are the parts of interphase

Answer 15

G1- growth, S- Dna replication, G2- more growth

Question 16

what happens in prophase 1

Answer 16

spindle fibers begin to form, crossing over occurs

Question 17

what are homologous chromosomes

Answer 17

chromosomes that contain the same genes, but may have different versions of the same gene

Question 18

what happens in crossing

Answer 18

chromatids of the homologous cross over one another and are exchanged

Question 19

why is crossing over important

Answer 19

it adds variation to the chromosome combination and causes the 4 haploids to be unique

Question 20

what is a tetrad

Answer 20

a pair of two homologous chromosomes .

Question 21

what happens in metaphase 1

Answer 21

chromosomes move to the middle of the cell

Question 22

when does independant assortment occur

Answer 22

metaphase 1

Question 23

what happens in independant assortment

Answer 23

chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate randomly

Question 24

what does independant assortement help ensure

Answer 24

genetic variation

Question 25

what happens in anaphase 1

Answer 25

homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Question 26

what happens in telophase 1

Answer 26

nuclear membrane forms around each cluster chromosomes

Question 27

what happens in cytokinesis 1

Answer 27

cytoplasm divides to form 2 new daughter cells

Question 28

what happens in prophase 2

Answer 28

spindles reform and chromosomes become visible

Question 29

what happens in metaphase 2

Answer 29

chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

Question 30

what happens in anaphase 2

Answer 30

chromosomes are separated and chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 31

what happens in telophase 2

Answer 31

nuclear membrane forms around each cluster of chromosmes

Question 32

what happens in cytokinesis 2

Answer 32

both cells divide and form 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 33

how many times does the parent cell divide in meiosis

Answer 33

twice

Question 34

what are the main 5 chromosomal mutations

Answer 34

deltions, inversion, translocation , non disjunction, duplication

Question 35

what happens in deletions

Answer 35

piece of chromosome is ost due to breakage

Question 36

what happens ininversion

Answer 36

chromosome segment breaks off, segment flips around backwards, segment reataches backwards

Question 37

what happens in duplication

Answer 37

makes it longer when a gene sequence is repeated

Question 38

what happens in translocation

Answer 38

two chromosomes that aren't homologous cross over

Question 39

what happens in non disjunction

Answer 39

failure of chromosome separating that result in gametes having too many or too little chromosomes

Question 40

what are examples of disorders caused by non-disjunction

Answer 40

down syndrome, turner syndrome, klein felter's syndrome

Question 41

whats a monosomie

Answer 41

when theres one one chromosme instead of two in a pir

Question 42

whats a trysomie

Answer 42

when theres 3 chromosomes instead of 2 in a pair

Question 43

what happens in down syndrome

Answer 43

a trysomie in the 21st pair of chromosmes

Question 44

whats a monohybrid cross

Answer 44

crossing only one gene

Question 45

what a dihybrid cross

Answer 45

crossing two genes

Question 46

how many alleles does every gene have in mendelian genetics

Answer 46

2

Question 47

what's an allele

Answer 47

a diffrent form of a gene

Question 48

what's a trait

Answer 48

a characteristic encoded by a gene

Question 49

what are alleles represented by

Answer 49

ltters

Question 50

what's dominant

Answer 50

type of allele that may mask the effect of others

Question 51

what type of letters are dominant

Answer 51

capital letters

Question 52

what's recessive

Answer 52

type of allele that may be masked by others

Question 53

what type of letters are recessive

Answer 53

lower-case

Question 54

what's a genotype

Answer 54

the alleles represented by letters

Question 55

whats a phenotype

Answer 55

the genotype expressed in a trait

Question 56

how do you write ratios for a punnet square

Answer 56

don't simplify

Question 57

what homozygous

Answer 57

two of the same alleles in a pair

Question 58

what hetrozygous

Answer 58

two diffrent alleles in a pair

Question 59

what is incomplete dominance

Answer 59

the blending of traits

Question 60

example of incomplete dominance

Answer 60

red and white flower make purple

Question 61

what is codominance

Answer 61

two dominant alleles expressed at the same time

Question 62

example of codominance

Answer 62

black and orange make black and orange stripes

Question 63

multiple alleles

Answer 63

when some genes have more than two possible alles

Question 64

what are the blood types

Answer 64

a, b, ab,o

Question 65

what do blood types refer to

Answer 65

the diffrent proteins on the surface of red blood cells

Question 66

which blood type is considered universal

Answer 66

type O

Question 67

are blood types inherited

Answer 67

yes

Question 68

what are blood types example of

Answer 68

codiminance and multiple alles