Genomes and genomics

Question 1

What is a genome?

Answer 1

Entire compliment of hereditary genetic information

Question 2

What is the genome made up of?

Answer 2

Genes
Regulatory sequences
Structural DNA
“Junk” DNA

Question 3

What is DNA measured in?

Answer 3

Base pairs (bp)

Question 4

What is the C-value paradox?

Answer 4

Genome size is not correlate with organismic complexity or the number of genes

Question 5

How fast was the human genome project processing information in 1995?

Answer 5

500bp of DNA per 10-hour run

Question 6

How fast was the human genome project processing information in 2000?

Answer 6

5000bp of DNA per 10-hour run

Question 7

How fast was the human genome project processing information in 2010?

Answer 7

400-600,000,00bp of DNA per 10-hour run

Question 8

How long is the human genome?

Answer 8

3,000,000 bp

Question 9

How many base pairs does the average gene have?

Answer 9

3000 bp

Question 10

What is the total number of genes estimated to be?

Answer 10

21,000

Question 11

How much of the human genome encodes for the production of proteins?

Answer 11

2%

Question 12

How much of the human genome is repetitive sequences?

Answer 12

at least 50%

Question 13

Is the order of most nucleotide bases the same in all people?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What bases are generally found in gene dense regions?

Answer 14

G and C

Question 15

What bases are generally found in gene poor regions?

Answer 15

A and T

Question 16

Which chromosome has the most genes?

Answer 16

Chromosome 1

2968

Question 17

Which chromosome has the least genes?

Answer 17

Y chromosome

231

Question 18

What is homology?

Answer 18

Characters that have the same evolutionary origin

Question 19

Describe the key points of eukaryotic DNA.

Answer 19

Double stranded
Linear
Segmented (many chromosomes)

Question 20

Describe the key points of prokaryotic DNA.

Answer 20

Double stranded
Circular
Non-segmented (1 chromosome)

Question 21

Describe the key points of virus DNA/ RNA.

Answer 21

Single or double stranded or both
Linear or circular or both
Segmented or non segmented
It does what it wants lol

Question 22

Describe the structure of a eukaryotic chromosome.

Answer 22

Several nucleosomes wrap together to form a solenoid structure: a chromatin fibre
Chromatin fibres form into looped domains
Central to looped domains is a protein scaffold
Looped domains fold in mitosis and meiosis

Question 23

What does solenoid mean?

Answer 23

Like a coil of wire