Geology

Question 1

Seismic waves

Answer 1

Waves of energy that travel through the earths crust.

Question 2

Continental drift

Answer 2

Movement of the Plates of the earths crust in relation to each other.

Question 3

Pangaea

Answer 3

The super continent that existed 225 million years ago. It consisted of every country that we know today

Question 4

Panthalassa

Answer 4

The vast sea surrounding Pangaea

Question 5

Plate tectonics

Answer 5

The theory concerning the movement of continental plates

Question 6

Mantle

Answer 6

Thick layer inside the earth below the crust.

Question 7

Convection current

Answer 7

Circular movement that occurs when warmer less dense fluids go through a repeated cycle

Question 8

Continental crust

Answer 8

The plates of the earth’s crust that make up the land

Question 9

Oceanic crust

Answer 9

One of the types of crust that makes up the earth’s outer layer. Oceanic crust is thinner than continental and is made of basalt.

Question 10

Subduction

Answer 10

Process in which two tectonic plates push against each other and the oceanic crust sinks below the less dense continental crust.

Question 11

Destructive plate boundaries

Answer 11

A convergent boundary where two plates collide.

Question 12

Constructive plate boundaries

Answer 12

Plate that creates new land from cooling magma

Question 13

Ocean ridges

Answer 13

An area where tectonic plates move apart allowing magma from the mantle to rise.

Question 14

Laurasia

Answer 14

One of the two smaller continents created when the Pangaea broke apart

Question 15

Gondwanaland

Answer 15

One of the two smaller continents created when the Pangaea broke apart

Question 16

Hotspots

Answer 16

a spot where volcanoes are constantly reproduced and become extinct as the tectonic plate moves over it

Question 17

Folding

Answer 17

Buckling of rocks caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides

Question 18

Fault

Answer 18

A break in a rock structure causing a sliding movement of the rocks along the break

Question 19

Rift valleys

Answer 19

A sunken area where two blocks of crust have dropped down between faults

Question 20

Horst

Answer 20

A block of the Erth’s crust with faults on either side that has been pushed upwards by the forces below

Question 21

Slip fault

Answer 21

A geological feature where movement along a fault is sideways that is where the blocks of crust slip horizontally.

Question 22

Tremors

Answer 22

Vibration on the earths surface caused by an earthquake

Question 23

Epi centre

Answer 23

the point on the Earths centre directly above the site where an earthquake originates

Question 24

Focus

Answer 24

Where an earthquake begins

Question 25

Triangulation

Answer 25

Finding a location using at least three different sources of detection.

Question 26

Seismograph

Answer 26

An instrument used to detect and measure the intensity of an earthquake

Question 27

Richter scale

Answer 27

A scale that measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake

Question 28

P-waves/primary waves

Answer 28

Compression waves that move through the Earth in the same way sound waves move through the air

Question 29

S-waves/Secondary waves/surface waves

Answer 29

During seismic activity secondary waves travel in the form of transverse waves.

Question 30

Body waves

Answer 30

Waves that travel through the interior of the Earth; P-waves and S-waves are said to be body waves

Question 31

Seismologists

Answer 31

People who study earthquakes

Question 32

Tsunamis

Answer 32

A powerful ocean wave triggered by undersea earth movement

Question 33

Meltdowns

Answer 33

The melting of a nuclear-reactor core as a result of a serious nuclear accident

Question 34

Lava

Answer 34

Molten rock and gases that have reached the earths surface

Question 35

Magma

Answer 35

Molten rock and gases below the surface of the Earth

Question 36

Volcanic bombs/lava bomb

Answer 36

Large rock fragment that is blown out of erupting volcano

Question 37

Active

Answer 37

Describes a volcano that is erupting or has recently.

Question 38

Dormant

Answer 38

A volcano that hasnt erupted in 20 years but still could erupt