Geology Lab 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the three major types of boundaries?
Convergent Boundaries, Transform Boundaries, and Divergent Boundaries.
What is a convergent Boundary?
Where plates collide.
What are the two types of convergent boundaries?
Subduction- when oceanic plate meets buoyant plate. Known for large earthquakes and tsunamis. Exmaple of this is Cascde mountains in the pacific northwest.
Collisions: two masses of continental lithosphere slam together. An example of this is tall, non-volcanic mountains.
What is a divergent boundary?
Where plates move apart. Examples of this is fissures, cracks, and rifts.
What is a transform Boundary?
Plates slide past each other. Examples is earthquakes with little mountain building or volcanism.
What does each boundary create?
High or low
symmetric vs. asymmetric
missing or not missing
varying along the boundary or constant along the boundary.
What are the 5 criteria that define a mineral?
- Naturally recurring
- Solid
- Inorganic
- Crystalline Structures
- Specific Chemical Composition
What are the key identification of physical properties?
hardness
Luster (metallic vs. non-metallic)
cleavage or fracture
tactile( streak)
specific gravity
diaphaneity (transparent/translucent, opaque)
How is hardness tested?
Determined by rubbing the mineral in order to scratch another substance of known hardness. Talc is the softest at 1 a diamond is the hardest at 10.
What is the difference between a cleavage and a fracture?
Cleavage is the tendency to break along planes of weakness, along smooth even flat surfaces.
Fracture: the tendency to break jagged uneven surfaces.
How a mineral can have a high specific gravity while it has a low hardness number?
Specific gravity is the result of density and specific heavy elements such Galena, while hardness is the result of the strengths of bonds such as corundum.
The difference form Halite to Calcite?
taste, acid fizz or different angles of cleavage plane.
Difference from pyroxene (Augite) and Amphibole (Hornblende)
Different cleavage angles, a slight color difference.
Difference between Biotite Mica and Muscovite Mica?
Color and trace elements.
What are minerals that have different colors?
quartz
calcite
flourite
micas
What are the minerals that have fractures?
hematite
quartz
What is the mineral that has one-direction cleavage?
Micas
What are the minerals that are metallic?
pyrite
galena
magnetite
Biotite Mica
cleavage, 1 plane
Olivine
green, grainy tactile
quartz
harder than glass 5.5
gypsum
softer than fingernail 2.5
calcite
3 planes of cleavage not at 90
talc
earthy luster, softer
