GI 2

Question 1

Which layer of the GI tract contains the portion of the ENS that interacts with epithelial cells lining the lumen?

Answer 1

submucosa

Question 2

what part of motility is skeletal muscle

Answer 2

chewing

Question 3

what part of motility is smooth muscle

Answer 3

most of GI tract

Question 4

what are the 2 purposes of motility

Answer 4

moves food from mouth to anus
mechanically mixes into small particles

Question 5

what is GI motility determined by (2)

Answer 5

properties of smooth muscle
input from nervous and hormones

Question 6

what kind of muscle is a smooth muscle sphincter

Answer 6

tonic

Question 7

what kind off muscle is a smooth muscle intestine

Answer 7

phasic

Question 8

what is a phasic muscle

Answer 8

cycles between contraction and relaxation

Question 9

what part of GI tract is tonic

Answer 9

sphincters

Question 10

do slow waves cause contraction

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what are slow waves

Answer 11

spontaneous depolarization in GI smooth muscle

Question 12

what are slow waves modified by (3)

Answer 12

chemical input from neurons
hormones
paracrine signals

Question 13

where do slow waves originate

Answer 13

interstitial cells of the cajal (ICC)

Question 14

what are pacemaker cells for slow wave activity

Answer 14

interstitial cells of cajal (ICC)

Question 15

what are interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) involved in

Answer 15

motility

Question 16

where are interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) found

Answer 16

the myenteric plexus between circular and longitudinal muscle

Question 17

how many basic patterns of contraction in the GI system

Answer 17

migrating motor complex
peristaltic contractions
segmental contractions

Question 18

what is the migrating motor complex

Answer 18

series of contractions that begin in the empty stomach and end in large intestine

Question 19

the does the migrating motor complex happen

Answer 19

between meals

Question 20

what hormone causes migrating motor complex

Answer 20

motilin

Question 21

when do you hear growling stomach

Answer 21

during migrating motor complex during 5-15 minutes of forceful contraction

Question 22

__________ contractions are responsible for forward movement

Answer 22

peristaltic

Question 23

what muscle contract during peristaltic contractions

Answer 23

circular muscle

Question 24

what contraction occurs most in small intestine

Answer 24

segmental contractions

Question 25

what are segmental contractions

Answer 25

they are small segments that alternatively contract and are responsible for mixing food

Question 26

what muscles are involved in segmental contraction

Answer 26

both circular and longitudinal contract and relax

Question 27

Which region of the GI tract contains a very large amount of bacteria?

Answer 27

large intestine

Question 28

where does the migrating motor start and end

Answer 28

start beginning of stomach ends at the ilium

Question 29

what are the primary regulated functions of the GI system

Answer 29

motility and secretion

Question 30

what is motility and secretion regulated by (2)

Answer 30

neural system GI peptides

Question 31

what forms the ENS (2)

Answer 31

submucosal plexus myenteric plexus

Question 32

are short or long reflexes integrated within the ENS

Answer 32

short

Question 33

what kind of neurons are within the ENS

Answer 33

intrinsic

Question 34

what is the myenteric plexus in charge of regarding the ENS

Answer 34

motility

Question 35

what is the submucosal plexus in charge of regarding the ENS

Answer 35

secretion from GI secretory cells

Question 36

what is the ENS similar to

Answer 36

the CNS

Question 37

what are short reflexes (origination)

Answer 37

originate in enteric nervous system and are carried out entirely in wall of gut

Question 38

what are long reflexes (origination)

Answer 38

they are integrated in the CNS

Question 39

if a long reflex begins in the brain, it is a _________ reflex

Answer 39

cephalic

Question 40

what is a cephalic reflex

Answer 40

feedforward and emotional

Question 41

how does the ENS receive info from CNS

Answer 41

autonomic neurons

Question 42

what enhances GI function

Answer 42

parasympathetic output

Question 43

what inhibits GI function

Answer 43

sympathetic output

Question 44

what are GI peptides

Answer 44

cell signalling substances that can influence motility or secretion (the regulated systems of GI)

Question 45

what GI peptides act outside the GI tract (2)

Answer 45

cholecystokinin ghrelin

Question 46

what is the stomach GI hormone (what does it do)

Answer 46

gastrin - gastric acid secretion

Question 47

what does cholecystokinin do

Answer 47

secretes enzymes

Question 48

what does secretin do

Answer 48

stimulates HCO# secretion from pancreas

Question 49

what does motilin do

Answer 49

stimulates migrating motor complex

Question 50

what does gastric inhibitory peptide do

Answer 50

stimulates insulin release

Question 51

what does glucagon like peptide do

Answer 51

stimulates insulin release

Question 52

what are the 2 hormone families

Answer 52

gastrin family secretin family

Question 53

what are the 3 phases within the digestive system (integrated functions)

Answer 53

cephalic/oral phase gastric phase intestinal phase

Question 54

what happens during the cephalic phase

Answer 54

digestive processes occurring before food enters the stomach

Question 55

what is the gastric phase

Answer 55

digestive processes in the stomach

Question 56

what is the intestinal phase

Answer 56

digestive processes in the intestine