GI 7

Question 1

The primary role of this intestinal hormone is to stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion:
Secretin
CCK
GIP
GLP-1

Answer 1

CCK

Question 2

what does the enterogastric reflex do

Answer 2

provides negative feedback to stomach

Question 3

food enters the large intestine through what

Answer 3

iliocecal valve

Question 4

what does the gastroileal reflex do

Answer 4

relaxes iliocecal valve to let food through

Question 5

what empties out the small intestine

Answer 5

gastroileal reflex

Question 6

whats the inside of the large intestine like

Answer 6

smooth (lacks villi)

Question 7

where does the appendix secrete into

Answer 7

the large intestine

Question 8

what are secretions in the large intestine like

Answer 8

minimal and primarily mucus from goblet cells

Question 9

does digestion happen in the large intestine?

Answer 9

yes
digestion by bacteria

Question 10

how are things broken down in the large intestine?

Answer 10

bacteria have a fermentation process

Question 11

whats the by product of the fermentation in the large intestine

Answer 11

smell and gas
and Vitamin K for absorption

Question 12

how long is motility in the large intestine

Answer 12

18-24 hours

Question 13

what is the order of motility in the large intestine? (3)

Answer 13

slow segmental contractions
haustral rolling and churning
mass peristalsis

Question 14

what create haustrum pouches

Answer 14

thickened bands of longitudinal muscle layer taenia coli

Question 15

what is the gastrocolic reflex stimulated by

Answer 15

food in stomach

Question 16

what explain why someone might have to shit after a meal

Answer 16

gastrocolic reflex

Question 17

what are the 2 reflexes initiated by distension of the rectum involved in defecation

Answer 17

short reflex (peristaltic waves) in wall of GI tract
long reflex to relax internal sphincter

Question 18

is the external sphincter always contracted

Answer 18

yes, it opens by voluntary relaxation

Question 19

parasympathetic or sympathetic to shit

Answer 19

parasympathetic input

Question 20

what kind of muscle is the external sphincter

Answer 20

skeletal

Question 21

what is diarrhea due to (3)

Answer 21

increased secretion
reduced absorption
increased motility

Question 22

what would be osmotic diarrhea

Answer 22

solute that doesn’t get absorbed

Question 23

whats inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 23

infections or damage (inflammation of GI tract)

Question 24

motility induced diarrhea

Answer 24

excess motility so higher solute and not much absorption

Question 25

secretory diarrhea

Answer 25

massive dumb of chloride into small intestine due to vibrio cholerae

Question 26

Mass peristalsis in the large intestine is stimulated by food entering the large intestine. True False

Answer 26

false

Question 27

how can C. difficile be helped

Answer 27

fecal transplant

Question 28

each time someone gets C. difficile, their risk of getting it again ___________

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

what can alter the normal bacterial flora

Answer 29

penicillin based antibiotics

Question 30

where is the vomiting centre

Answer 30

medulla

Question 31

what does the medulla vomiting centre cause for responses (3)

Answer 31

retrograde contractions contraction of abdominal and inspiratory muscles to increase gastric pressure relaxation of esophageal sphincters

Question 32

what are the 3 causes of vomiting listed

Answer 32

disturbances of balance direct input from drugs or toxins inout from sensory receptors in the stomach

Question 33

where is 80% of lymphocytes located in the gut

Answer 33

gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

Question 34

what cells play a big role in immune response in the GI tract

Answer 34

M cells (primarily small intestine)

Question 35

what contains a ton of immune cells in the GI tract

Answer 35

Peyers patch

Question 36

what can cytokines do in GI tract

Answer 36

trigger increased Cl- secretion to flush out pathogens

Question 37

does the GI system regulate intake

Answer 37

no its done by behavioural methods

Question 38

during the feeding state, it is more anabolic or catabolic

Answer 38

anabolic

Question 39

during the fasted state, it is more anabolic or catabolic

Answer 39

catabolic

Question 40

what is the lateral hypothalamus

Answer 40

huger center

Question 41

what is the ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 41

satiety center

Question 42

if there's damage to the lateral hypothalamus, what happens

Answer 42

no hunger and no eating

Question 43

if there's damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus, what happens

Answer 43

constant eating (never full)

Question 44

Which of the following does NOT occur during the defecation reflex: Initiation of a short reflex causing peristalsis in the sigmoidal and rectal regions Initiation of a long reflex causing peristalsis throughout the large intestine Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter Relaxation of the external anal sphincter

Answer 44

Relaxation of the external anal sphincter