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GI I > GI development > Flashcards

GI development Flashcards

1
Q

When does the tongue begin to develop?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

From what arch does the anterior tongue develop from?

A

First arch

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3
Q

How is gastroschisis detected?

A

Fetal US
Elevated maternal AFP

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4
Q

What artery supplies the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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5
Q

What artery supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric

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6
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric

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7
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut and midgut?

A

Vagus N

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8
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut?

A

Pelvic splanchnic

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9
Q

What are the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the foregut?

A

T5-T9 thoracic splanchnic N

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10
Q

What are the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the midgut?

A

T10-T11 thoracic splanchnic N

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11
Q

What are the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the hindgut?

A

L1-L2 Lumbar splanchnic N

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12
Q

What ligaments make up the ventral mesentery?

A

Hepatoduodenal of LO
Hepatogastric of LO
Falciform
Coronary
Triangular

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13
Q

What ligaments make up the dorsal mesentery?

A

Gastrorenal of GO
Gastrosplenic of GO
Gastrocolic of GO
Splenotenal of GO
Mesentery of small intestine
Mesoappendix
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon

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14
Q

What are the intraperitoneal organs?

A

Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
First part of duodenum
Ileum
Jejunum
Tail of pancreas
Spleen
Cecum
Appendix
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon

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15
Q

What are the primary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Ureters
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Sympathetic trunks
Lower rectum
Anal canal

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16
Q

What are the secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Body of pancreas
Distal duodenum
Ascending and descending colon
Upper rectum

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17
Q

When does the lung bud develop?

A

Week 4

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18
Q

From what does the muscular coat of the esophagus develop?

A

Splanchnic mesenchyme

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19
Q

When does the fusiform dilation that will become the stomach develop?

A

Week 4

20
Q

What is the normal rotation of the stomach?

A

90 degrees around a longitudinal and antero-posterior axis

21
Q

What becomes the lesser omentum?

A

Ventral mesogastrium

22
Q

What becomes the greater omentum?

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

23
Q

From what does the spleen develop?

A

Mesoderm within the dorsal embryonic mesentery

24
Q

When does the liver bud develop?

A

Week 3

25
Q

From which portion of the primitive gut does the liver bud arise from?

A

Distal foregut

26
Q

What is the septum transversum?

A

Mesodermal plate between pericardial cavity and yolk sac

27
Q

Which form of biliary duct atresia is usually lethal?

A

Intrahepatic

28
Q

What are signs of annular pancreas?

A

Polyhydramnios
Bile-stained projectile vomiting
Associated with down syndrome
Double bubble sign on x-ray

29
Q

Where does the ventral bud of the pancreas rotate to in relation to the dorsal bud?

A

Below and behind

30
Q

What marks the junction between foregut and midgut in the duodenum?

A

Major duodenal papilla

31
Q

When does the obliteration and recanalization of the duodenum occut?

A

Month 2

32
Q

What occurs at week 6 in the development of the intestines?

A

Midgut loop rotates 90 degrees around superior mesenteric artery
Herniation through primitive umbilical ring - physiological

33
Q

What occurs at week 10 in the development of the intestines?

A

Herniated loop rotates 180 degrees around superior mesenteric artery
It returns to abdominal cavity

34
Q

What is the total, normal rotation of the midgut loop?

A

270 degrees around superior mesenteric artery

35
Q

When does the cecal bud appear?

A

Week 6

36
Q

What are associated conditions seen with omphalocele?

A

High rate of mortality
Severe malformation like cardiac abnormalities
Neural tube defects
Chromosomal abnormalities

37
Q

What is the rule of 2s in relation to Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

2 feet from ileocecal junction
2 inches long
2% of the population

38
Q

What is the likely cause of a rectoperineal fistula?

A

Misexpression of genes during epithelial-mesenchyma signaling

39
Q

What causes Hirschsprung disease?

A

Mutation in RET gene affecting neural crest cell migration to the wall of the colon

40
Q

When does the gut tube become totally occluded physiological?

A

Week 5

41
Q

When does recanalization of the gut tube take place?

A

Week 6 to end of week 8

42
Q

What is GI stenosis?

A

Partial obstruction relating to incomplete recanalization

43
Q

What is GI atresia?

A

Complete obstruction from failure of recanalization

44
Q

What part of the intestine is most common for atresia?

A

Duodenum

45
Q

What genes can affect recanalization leading to atresia?

A

HOX genes
Gene receptors in FGF family

GI I (19 decks)

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