GI development

Question 1

When does the tongue begin to develop?

Answer 1

Week 4

Question 2

From what arch does the anterior tongue develop from?

Answer 2

First arch

Question 3

How is gastroschisis detected?

Answer 3

Fetal US
Elevated maternal AFP

Question 4

What artery supplies the foregut?

Answer 4

Celiac trunk

Question 5

What artery supplies the midgut?

Answer 5

Superior mesenteric

Question 6

What artery supplies the hindgut?

Answer 6

Inferior mesenteric

Question 7

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut and midgut?

Answer 7

Vagus N

Question 8

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut?

Answer 8

Pelvic splanchnic

Question 9

What are the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the foregut?

Answer 9

T5-T9 thoracic splanchnic N

Question 10

What are the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the midgut?

Answer 10

T10-T11 thoracic splanchnic N

Question 11

What are the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the hindgut?

Answer 11

L1-L2 Lumbar splanchnic N

Question 12

What ligaments make up the ventral mesentery?

Answer 12

Hepatoduodenal of LO
Hepatogastric of LO
Falciform
Coronary
Triangular

Question 13

What ligaments make up the dorsal mesentery?

Answer 13

Gastrorenal of GO
Gastrosplenic of GO
Gastrocolic of GO
Splenotenal of GO
Mesentery of small intestine
Mesoappendix
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 14

What are the intraperitoneal organs?

Answer 14

Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
First part of duodenum
Ileum
Jejunum
Tail of pancreas
Spleen
Cecum
Appendix
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 15

What are the primary retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 15

Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Ureters
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Sympathetic trunks
Lower rectum
Anal canal

Question 16

What are the secondary retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 16

Body of pancreas
Distal duodenum
Ascending and descending colon
Upper rectum

Question 17

When does the lung bud develop?

Answer 17

Week 4

Question 18

From what does the muscular coat of the esophagus develop?

Answer 18

Splanchnic mesenchyme

Question 19

When does the fusiform dilation that will become the stomach develop?

Answer 19

Week 4

Question 20

What is the normal rotation of the stomach?

Answer 20

90 degrees around a longitudinal and antero-posterior axis

Question 21

What becomes the lesser omentum?

Answer 21

Ventral mesogastrium

Question 22

What becomes the greater omentum?

Answer 22

Dorsal mesogastrium

Question 23

From what does the spleen develop?

Answer 23

Mesoderm within the dorsal embryonic mesentery

Question 24

When does the liver bud develop?

Answer 24

Week 3

Question 25

From which portion of the primitive gut does the liver bud arise from?

Answer 25

Distal foregut

Question 26

What is the septum transversum?

Answer 26

Mesodermal plate between pericardial cavity and yolk sac

Question 27

Which form of biliary duct atresia is usually lethal?

Answer 27

Intrahepatic

Question 28

What are signs of annular pancreas?

Answer 28

Polyhydramnios Bile-stained projectile vomiting Associated with down syndrome Double bubble sign on x-ray

Question 29

Where does the ventral bud of the pancreas rotate to in relation to the dorsal bud?

Answer 29

Below and behind

Question 30

What marks the junction between foregut and midgut in the duodenum?

Answer 30

Major duodenal papilla

Question 31

When does the obliteration and recanalization of the duodenum occut?

Answer 31

Month 2

Question 32

What occurs at week 6 in the development of the intestines?

Answer 32

Midgut loop rotates 90 degrees around superior mesenteric artery Herniation through primitive umbilical ring - physiological

Question 33

What occurs at week 10 in the development of the intestines?

Answer 33

Herniated loop rotates 180 degrees around superior mesenteric artery It returns to abdominal cavity

Question 34

What is the total, normal rotation of the midgut loop?

Answer 34

270 degrees around superior mesenteric artery

Question 35

When does the cecal bud appear?

Answer 35

Week 6

Question 36

What are associated conditions seen with omphalocele?

Answer 36

High rate of mortality Severe malformation like cardiac abnormalities Neural tube defects Chromosomal abnormalities

Question 37

What is the rule of 2s in relation to Meckel's diverticulum?

Answer 37

2 feet from ileocecal junction 2 inches long 2% of the population

Question 38

What is the likely cause of a rectoperineal fistula?

Answer 38

Misexpression of genes during epithelial-mesenchyma signaling

Question 39

What causes Hirschsprung disease?

Answer 39

Mutation in RET gene affecting neural crest cell migration to the wall of the colon

Question 40

When does the gut tube become totally occluded physiological?

Answer 40

Week 5

Question 41

When does recanalization of the gut tube take place?

Answer 41

Week 6 to end of week 8

Question 42

What is GI stenosis?

Answer 42

Partial obstruction relating to incomplete recanalization

Question 43

What is GI atresia?

Answer 43

Complete obstruction from failure of recanalization

Question 44

What part of the intestine is most common for atresia?

Answer 44

Duodenum

Question 45

What genes can affect recanalization leading to atresia?

Answer 45

HOX genes Gene receptors in FGF family