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Pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Apomorphine

A

-Synthetic Opioid
-Dopamine agonist
-Centrally-acting Emetic

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2
Q

Xylazine (Rompun, AnaSed)

A

-Centrally-acting emetic
-May induce emesis in cats
-Alpha-2 agonist
-Analgesic, sedative, muscle relaxant

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3
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

-Locally-acting emetic
-Given orally to induce emesis in dogs in 5-10 min
-Do not use in cats (can develop esophagitis and hemorrhagic gastritis)
-Dose is 2.2 ml/kg

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4
Q

Acepromazine

A

-Alpha blocker
-Tranquilizer (phenothiazine)
-Vasodilator
-Antiemetic

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5
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

-Phenothiazine tranquilizer
-Produce sedation and ally fear
-No analgesic properties
-Antiemetic
-Antipruritic

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6
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

-Phenothiazine tranquilizer
-Produce sedation and ally fear
-No analgesic properties
-Antiemetic
-Antipruritic

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7
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

-Cholinergic agent (direct-acting)
-Controls vomiting
-Promotes gastric tract emptying
-Incr gastric contraction, incr small intestine peristalsis, relaxes pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)

A

-Antihistamine
-Antiemetic in dogs only for motion sickness/inner ear abnormalities

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9
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

A

-Antihistamine
-Antiemetic for motion sickness/inner ear abnormalities

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10
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

-Antihistamine
-Antiemetic for motion sickness/inner ear abnormalities, allergic reactions

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11
Q

Meclizine (Antivert)

A

-Antihistamine
-Antiemetic for motion sickness/inner ear abnormalities

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12
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

-Seretonin receptor antagonist
-Antiemetic for severe vomiting (esp with chemo)

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13
Q

Dolasetron (Anzemet)

A

-Seretonin receptor antagonist
-Antiemetic for severe vomiting

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14
Q

Granisetron (Kytril)

A

-Seretonin receptor antagonist
-Antiemetic for severe vomiting (esp with chemo)

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15
Q

Maropitant citrate (Cerenia)

A

-NK-1 receptor antagonist
-Antiemetic

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16
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

-H2 receptor antagonist
-Decr hydrochloric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine in gastric cells
-Treats & prevents gastric, abomasal, duodenal ulcers
-Treats esophagitis, gastric reflux

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17
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

-H2 receptor antagonist
-Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-Decr hydrochloric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine in gastric cells
-Treats & prevents gastric, abomasal, duodenal ulcers
-Treats esophagitis, gastric reflux
-More potent and longer duration of action than Cimetidine
-Prokinetic

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18
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

-H2 receptor antagonist
-Decr hydrochloric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine in gastric cells
-Treats & prevents gastric, abomasal, duodenal ulcers
-Treats esophagitis, gastric reflux
-More potent than Cimetidine

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19
Q

Nizatidine (Axid)

A

-H2 receptor antagonist
-Decr hydrochloric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine in gastric cells
-Treats & prevents gastric, abomasal, duodenal ulcers
-Treats esophagitis, gastric reflux
-Treats constipation and delayed gastric emptying

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20
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

-Proton pump inhibitor
-Decr acidity in stomach by binding to secretory surface of parietal cell to prevent secretion of enzyme Na-K-ATPase
-Treats GI ulcers, esophagitis
-Binds to proton pumps and stops acid formation by preventing hydrogens molecules from going to stomach

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21
Q

GastroGard

A

-Proton pump inhibitor
-Equine
-Decr acidity in stomach by binding to secretory surface of parietal cell to prevent secretion of enzyme Na-K-ATPase
-Treats GI ulcers, esophagitis

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22
Q

UlcerGard

A

-Proton pump inhibitor
-Equine
-Decr acidity in stomach by binding to secretory surface of parietal cell to prevent secretion of enzyme Na-K-ATPase
-Treats GI ulcers, esophagitis

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23
Q

Pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

-Proton pump inhibitor
-Decr acidity in stomach by binding to secretory surface of parietal cell to prevent secretion of enzyme Na-K-ATPase
-Treats GI ulcers, esophagitis

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24
Q

Aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel)

A

-Antacid
-Decr hydrochloric acid in stomach
-Treats gastric ulcers, rumen acidosis
-Can be a laxative
-Can be used in renal failure to bind to intestinal phosphorus to reduce hyperphosphatemia (but should not be given long term)

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25
Aluminum carbonate (Basaljel)
-Antacid -Decr hydrochloric acid in stomach -Treats gastric ulcers, rumen acidosis -Can be a laxative -Can be used in renal failure to bind to intestinal phosphorus to reduce hyperphosphatemia (but should not be given long term)
26
Aluminum/Magnesium hydroxide (Maalox, Mylanta)
-Antacid -Decr hydrochloric acid in stomach -Treats gastric ulcers, rumen acidosis -Can be a laxative -Can be used in renal failure to bind to intestinal phosphorus to reduce hyperphosphatemia (but should not be given long term)
27
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia, Magnalax)
-Antacid -Decr hydrochloric acid in stomach -Treats gastric ulcers, rumen acidosis -Can be a laxative -Can be used in renal failure to bind to intestinal phosphorus to reduce hyperphosphatemia (but should not be given long term)
28
Sucralfate (Carafate)
-Gastromucosal protectant -Forms pastelike substance that binds to the surface of gastric ulcers (protects it and promotes healing)
29
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
-Prostoglandin E1 analogue -Inhibits parietal cells from secreting hydrogen ions into stomach -Protects gastric mucosa (incr mucus production & bicarbonate) -Treats gastric ulcers associated with NSAID use
30
Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
-Synthetic Opioid -Often combined with atropine -Antidiarrheal (Incr segmental contractions, decr intestinal secretions, enhance intestinal absorption) -Used in dogs & calves (use in cats & horses is controversial since it causes CNS stim)
31
Loperamide (Imodium)
-Synthetic Opioid -Antidiarrheal (Incr segmental contractions, decr intestinal secretions, enhance intestinal absorption) -Used in dogs & cats since it poorly penetrates the CNS
32
Paregoric/Kaolin/Pectin (Parepectolin)
-Synthetic Opioid -Antidiarrheal (Incr segmental contractions, decr intestinal secretions, enhance intestinal absorption) -Used in dogs & calves (use in cats & horses is controversial since it causes CNS stim)
33
Hyoscyamine (Levsin)
-Anticholinergic -Antidiarrheal (Decr intestinal motility & secretions)
34
Isopropamide
-Anticholinergic -Antidiarrheal (Decr intestinal motility & secretions)
35
Propantheline (Pro-Banthine)
-Anticholinergic -Antidiarrheal (Decr intestinal motility & secretions)
36
Bismuth subsalicylate (Corrective Suspension, BismuKote, Bismusal, GastroCote, PeptoBismol)
-Protectant/Adsorbent (protect inflamed GI mucosa from further irritation) -Coating, antibacterial, & anti-inflammatory effects -Decr secretions by inhibiting prostoglandins -Caution when using in cats
37
Kaolin/Pectin (Kaopectolin)
-Protectant/Adsorbent (protect inflamed GI mucosa from further irritation)
38
Activated Charcoal (Toxiban, CharcoAid, Liqui-Char)
-Protectant/Adsorbent (treats poisoning to prevent further GI absorption)
39
Lactulose (Cephulac, Constulose, Enulose)
-Hyperosmotic laxative -Contain magnesium/Phosphate anions that are poorly absorbed in the GI tract; these anions hold water osmotically, which softens stool and stimulated stretch receptors to stimulate peristalsis -Also reduces blood ammonia levels in some hepatic diseases
40
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia, Carmilax, Bolets, Magnalax Bolus, Polyox II Bolus)
-Hyperosmotic laxative -Contain magnesium/Phosphate anions that are poorly absorbed in the GI tract; these anions hold water osmotically, which softens stool and stimulated stretch receptors to stimulate peristalsis
41
Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)
-Hyperosmotic laxative -Contain magnesium/Phosphate anions that are poorly absorbed in the GI tract; these anions hold water osmotically, which softens stool and stimulated stretch receptors to stimulate peristalsis
42
Metamucil
-Bulk-producing laxative -Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis
43
Equine Enteric Colloid
-Bulk-producing laxative -Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis
44
Equi-Phar Sweet Psyllium
-Bulk-producing laxative -Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis
45
SandClear
-Bulk-producing laxative -Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis -Treats sand Impaction in horses
46
Bran/Bran Mash
-Bulk-producing laxative -Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis -For horses
47
Vetasyl
-Bulk-producing laxative -Indigestible plant matter (Psyllium) that absorbs water and swells intestinal contents to stimulate peristalsis -For cats & dogs
48
Mineral Oil
-Lubricant laxative -Soften fecal mass to make it easier to move through GI tract -Heavy mineral oil preferred over light mineral oil
49
Petrolatum (Laxatone, Felilax, Cat Lax)
-Lubricant laxative -Soften fecal mass to make it easier to move through GI tract -Principal ingredient in feline hairball treatments
50
Enemas (Disposable Enema, Pet-Enema, Docusate Sodium Enema, Veterinary Surfactant)
-Surfactant/Stool Softener -Decr surface tension and allow water to penetrate GI tract to soften stool; may incr intestinal secretions
51
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
-GI irritant laxative -Irritates gut wall to stimulate peristalsis -Effective in cats when given with fiber supplement for long-term constipation management
52
Castor Oil
-GI irritant laxative -Irritates gut wall to stimulate peristalsis
53
Domperidone (Motilium, Equidone)
-Prokinetic -Cholinergic agent (direct-acting) -Dopaminergic agent -Promotes gastric tract emptying -Incr gastric contraction, incr small intestine peristalsis, relaxes pyloric sphincter
54
Cisapride
-Serotonergic drug -Prokinetic -Stimulates motility of proximal & distal GI tract -Not an effective antiemetic
55
Erythromycin (Erythro)
-Prokinetic -Stimulates motility in esophageal sphincter, stomach, & small intestine by mimicking effect of the hormone motilin
56
Dexpanthenol (D-Panthenol, Ilopan)
-Direct cholinergic -Prokinetic -Treats post-op ileus and colic
57
Neostigmine methylsulfate (Prostigmine)
-Cholinergic agent (indirect-acting) -Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor -Prokinetic -Treats GI atony
58
Pancrelipase (Viokase-V, Pancrezyme)
-Contains pancreatic enzymes -Aid in digestion of fats, protein, carbs -Treats exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)
59
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
-Antibiotic & antiprotozoal -Treats giardiasis, trichomoniasis, balantidiasis, lymphocytic/plasmacytic enteritis, ulcerative colitis, hepatic encephalopathy, anaerobic infections
60
Azathioprine (Imuran)
-Antagonist antimetabolite -Treats IBD -Immunosuppressive, antiinflammatory
61
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
-Antibiotic -Converted by intestinal bacteria to a sulfa drug and aspirin -Antiinflammatory -Treats colitis
62
Olsalazine (Dipentum)
-Antiinflammatory -Treats chronic colitis
63
Antifoaming Agents (Bloat Guard, Bloat Treatment, Bloat-Pac, Therabloat)
-Treats frothy bloat in ruminants
64
Probiotics (Flortiflora, Proviable, Probios, Bactaquin, Visbiome)
-Treats GI stress, diarrhea, IBD

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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