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Matt's Path REVERSE > GI Infections > Flashcards

GI Infections Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Clostridia Botulinum

A

Anaerobic

Canned/vacuumed packed foods

Botulin toxin –> Descending paralysis

Blocks Ach release

Give antitoxin

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2
Q

Clostridia Perfringens

A

Anaerobic

Reheated meats

Superantigen enterotoxin

8-16 hrs incubation

Watery diarrhoea + cramps

Lasts 24 hours

Also causes gas gangrene

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3
Q

Clostridia Difficile

A

Anaerobic

2 exotoxins A, B

Pseudomembranous colitis

Tx: Metronidazole (and then vancomycin)

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4
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Aerobic

Reheated rice

Superantigen

4 hrs incubation

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5
Q

Staph Aureus

A

Aerobic

Catalse coagulase positive

Beta haemolytic on blood agar

Superantigen

Prominent vomiting and watery non-bloody diarrhoea

Self-limiting

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6
Q

E. Coli

A

Gram negative enterobacteriaceae

Facultative anaerobes oxidase negative

Lactose fermenting

ETEC

EIEC

EHEC

HUS

EPEC

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7
Q

ETEC

A

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Toxigenic

Traveler’s diarrhoea

Heat labile LT stimulates adenyl cyclase and cAMP
Heat stable stimulates guanylate cyclase

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8
Q

EIEC

A

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

Invasive dysentery

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9
Q

EHEC

A

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Haemorrhagic

Verotoxin

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10
Q

EPEC

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli

P = paediatric infection

infantile diarrhoea

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11
Q

Salmonella Typhi

A

(and paratyphi)

Non-lactose fermentors

Enteric fever

Multiply in Peyers patches

Slow onset fever and CONSTIPATION

Relative bradycardia

Splenomegaly

Rose spots

Anemia

Leukopenia

Tx: Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin

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12
Q

Salmonella enteritides

A

Non-lactose fermentor

Poultry, eggs and meat

Small and large bowel invasion

Non-bloody diarrhoea

Tx: ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin if required

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13
Q

Shigella

A

Non-lactose fermentor

Distal ileum + colon

Mucosal inflammation

Fever

Pain

Bloody diarrhoea

Shiga enterotoxin

Ciprofloxacin if required

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14
Q

Yersina enterocolitis

A

Non-lactose fermentor

Enterocolitis

Mesenteric adenitis

Necrotising granuloma

Erythema nodosum

Cold enrichment 4’C

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15
Q

Vibriosis Cholera

A

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Rice water stool

Increased cAMP –> open Cl- channel

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16
Q

Vibriosis parahaemolyticus

A

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Ingestion of raw undercooked seafood (common in Japan)

3/7 diarrhoea

Self-limiting

Doxycycline

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17
Q

Vibriosis Vulnificus

A

Comma shaped

Late lactose fermentors

Oxidase positive

Cellulitis in shell-fish handlers

fatal sepsis and D&V in HIV patients

Doxycycline

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18
Q

Campylobacter Jejuni

A

Curved, comma, or S-shaped

Microaerophilic

Oxidase positive

Unpastuerised milk

Prodrome: headache, fever, abdo cramps

Bloody diarrhoea (foul smelling)

Assoc with Guillian-Barre, Reactive arthritis

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19
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

Study These Flashcards
A

Beta haemolytic

Tumbling motility

Aesculin positive

Watery diarrhoea

Cramps, headache, fever, some vomiting

Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Co-trimoxazole

20
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

Study These Flashcards
A

Protozoa

MSM
Food, water and soil

Motile trophozoite in diarrhoea

Non-motile cyst in non-diarrhoeal illness

4 nuclei

Flask-shaped ulcer

Dysentery
Wind
Tenesmus

chronic weight loss and RUG pain due to liver abscess

Metronidazole + Paromomycin

21
Q

Giardia Lamblia

Study These Flashcards
A

Protozoa

Travellers, Hikders, MSM, psych units

Pear shaped trophozoites / cysts found in stool

cysts in water

Malabsorption of fat and protein

Foul smelling bloody diarrhoea

ELISA string test

Tx: Metronidazole

22
Q

Cryptosporidium Parvum

Study These Flashcards
A

Protozoa

Jejunum

Severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised

Modified Kinyoun acid fast stain —> see oocysts

Tx: Paromomycin

23
Q

Viral diarrhoea

Study These Flashcards
A

Rotavirus

Adenovirus

Norovirus

Poliovirus

Enteroviruses (coxsackie, ECHO)

24
Q

Anaerobic

Canned/vacuumed packed foods

Botulin toxin –> Descending paralysis

Blocks Ach release

Give antitoxin

Study These Flashcards
A

Clostridia Botulinum

25
Anaerobic Reheated meats Superantigen enterotoxin 8-16 hrs incubation Watery diarrhoea + cramps Lasts 24 hours Also causes gas gangrene
Clostridia Perfringens
26
Anaerobic 2 exotoxins A, B Pseudomembranous colitis Tx: Metronidazole (and then vancomycin)
Clostridia Difficile
27
Aerobic Reheated rice Superantigen 4 hrs incubation
Bacillus cereus
28
Aerobic Catalse coagulase positive Beta haemolytic on blood agar Superantigen Prominent vomiting and watery non-bloody diarrhoea Self-limiting
Staph Aureus
29
Gram negative enterobacteriaceae Facultative anaerobes oxidase negative Lactose fermenting ETEC EIEC EHEC HUS EPEC
E. Coli
30
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Toxigenic Traveler's diarrhoea Heat labile LT stimulates adenyl cyclase and cAMP Heat stable stimulates guanylate cyclase
ETEC
31
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli Invasive dysentery
EIEC
32
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Haemorrhagic Verotoxin
EHEC
33
Enteropathogenic E. coli P = paediatric infection infantile diarrhoea
EPEC
34
(and paratyphi) Non-lactose fermentors Enteric fever Multiply in Peyers patches Slow onset fever and CONSTIPATION Relative bradycardia Splenomegaly Rose spots Anemia Leukopenia Tx: Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin
Salmonella Typhi
35
Non-lactose fermentor Poultry, eggs and meat Small and large bowel invasion Non-bloody diarrhoea Tx: ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin if required
Salmonella enteritides
36
Non-lactose fermentor Distal ileum + colon Mucosal inflammation Fever Pain Bloody diarrhoea Shiga enterotoxin Ciprofloxacin if required
Shigella
37
Non-lactose fermentor Enterocolitis Mesenteric adenitis Necrotising granuloma Erythema nodosum Cold enrichment 4'C
Yersina enterocolitis
38
Comma shaped Late lactose fermentors Oxidase positive Rice water stool Increased cAMP --> open Cl- channel
Vibriosis Cholera
39
Comma shaped Late lactose fermentors Oxidase positive Ingestion of raw undercooked seafood (common in Japan) 3/7 diarrhoea Self-limiting Doxycycline
Vibriosis parahaemolyticus
40
Comma shaped Late lactose fermentors Oxidase positive Cellulitis in shell-fish handlers fatal sepsis and D&V in HIV patients Doxycycline
Vibriosis Vulnificus
41
Curved, comma, or S-shaped Microaerophilic Oxidase positive Unpastuerised milk Prodrome: headache, fever, abdo cramps Bloody diarrhoea (foul smelling) Assoc with Guillian-Barre, Reactive arthritis
Campylobacter Jejuni
42
Beta haemolytic Tumbling motility Aesculin positive Watery diarrhoea Cramps, headache, fever, some vomiting Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Co-trimoxazole
Listeria monocytogenes
43
Protozoa MSM Food, water and soil Motile trophozoite in diarrhoea Non-motile cyst in non-diarrhoeal illness 4 nuclei Flask-shaped ulcer Dysentery Wind Tenesmus chronic weight loss and RUG pain due to liver abscess Metronidazole + Paromomycin
Entamoeba histolytica
44
Protozoa Travellers, Hikders, MSM, psych units Pear shaped trophozoites / cysts found in stool cysts in water Malabsorption of fat and protein Foul smelling bloody diarrhoea ELISA string test Tx: Metronidazole
Giardia Lamblia
45
Protozoa Jejunum Severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised Modified Kinyoun acid fast stain ---> see oocysts Tx: Paromomycin
Cryptosporidium Parvum
46
Rotavirus Adenovirus Norovirus Poliovirus Enteroviruses (coxsackie, ECHO)
Viral diarrhoea

Matt's Path REVERSE (18 decks)

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