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Term 2: Pharmacology > GI Pharmacology > Flashcards

GI Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acetylcholine’s effect on the gut?

A

-increases motility and secretions

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2
Q

What is Norepinephrine’s effect on the gut?

A

-decreases motility and secretions

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3
Q

What is opioid’s effect on the gut?

A

-decreases motility

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4
Q

What is Dopamine’s effect on the gut?

A
  • decreases Ach release
  • relaxes smooth muscle
  • mediates receptive relaxation of stomach
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5
Q

What is Gastrin’s effect on the gut?

A

-Increases acid secretion

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6
Q

What is CCK’s effect on the gut?

A

-promotes the release of bile and pancreatic juices

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7
Q

What is Somatostatin’s effect on the gut?

A

-inhibits acid secretions

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8
Q

What is Histamine’s effect on the gut?

A

-increases acid secretioins

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9
Q

What is Prostaglandin’s (PGE2) effect on the gut?

A
  • inhibits acid secretion

- increases mucus secretion

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10
Q

What is Incretin’s (GIP/GLP) effect on the gut?

A

-increases insulin release by pancreas

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11
Q

GI system is regulated by neurotransmitters, hormones.

Out of the following signals, whose effects are long-lasting?

A. Acetylcholine
B. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP)
C. Nitric Oxide
D. Dopamine
E. Norepinephrine
A

B. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP)

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12
Q

What is secretin’s effect on the gut?

A

-increases bicarb secretion in duodenum, liver, and pancreas

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13
Q

What is serotonin’s effect on the gut?

A

-Stimulate GI activity

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14
Q

What is Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide’s effect on the gut?

A

-relaxes smooth muscle

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15
Q

What is aspirin’s effect on Prostaglandin synthesis?

A

-inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

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16
Q

A diabetic patient who is on insulin therapy is feeling dizzy and faints due to hypoglycemia.
Injection of which hormone (drug) will help?

A. Glucagon

B. Insulin

C. Gastrin

D. Cortisol

E. CCK

A

A. Glucagon

17
Q

In which of the following conditions would aspirin be
contraindicated?

A.  Myalgia
B.  Fever
C.  Rheumatoid arthritis
D.  Peptic ulcer
E.  Unstable angina
A

D. Peptic Ulcer

18
Q

Out of the following drugs, which one will inhibit acid secretion
by parietal cells?

A.  Acetylcholine
B.  Muscarine
C.  Gastrin
D.  Histamine
E.  Prostaglandin (PGE2)
A

E. Prostaglandin (PGE2)

19
Q

What is Pepsinogen’s effect on the gut? What cells produce it?

A
  • active form degrades proteins

- produced by chief cells

20
Q

What does intrinsic factor do?

A

-binds B12

21
Q

What is the difference between systemic and nonsystemic antacids?

A
  • systemic antacids work on the stomach as well as in the blood
  • nonsystemic antacids work only in the stomach
22
Q

How does Pepto-Bismol work?

A

-it binds to and coats ulcer tissues

23
Q

What is histamine’s effect on the gut? What type of drugs inhibit histamine’s effect?

A
  • increases acid secretion

- drugs ending in -tidine inhibit H2 receptors

24
Q

What do drugs that end with -prazole do?

A
  • Inhibit proton pumps

- prevent acid secretion in stomach

25
Q

What does Misoprostol do?

A

acts as a prostaglandin analog

-decreases acid secretion

26
Q

A patient comes to you with GERD and you decide to treat him / her with a histamine blocker to reduce acid secretion. Out of the following, which drug works by blocking histamine (H2) receptors?

A.  Omeprazole (****prazole)
B.  Cimetidine (****tidine)
C.  Misoprostol
D.  Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
E.  Scopalamine
A

B. Cimetidine

27
Q

A patient comes to you with GERD and you decide to treat him / her with a Proton Pump Inhibitor to reduce acid secretion. Out of the following, which drug works by blocking proton pumps?

A.  Omeprazole (****prazole)
B.  Cimetidine (****tidine)
C.  Misoprostol
D.  Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
E.  Scopalamine
A

A. Omeprazole

28
Q

What are Prokinetic drugs used for?

A
  • promote GI motility

- improve gastric emptying

29
Q

What does Metoclopramide do? What type of drug is it?

A
  • blocks type 2 (and some type 1) dopamine receptors, thus increasing Ach release and increasing GI motility
  • it is a prokinetic drug
30
Q

What does Loperamide do?

A
  • decreases GI motility

- anti-diarrheal

31
Q

A couple celebrating their fortieth wedding anniversary is given a trip to Peru to visit Machu Picchu. Due to past experiences, while traveling , they ask their doctor to prescribe an agent for diarrhea. Which of the following will be effective?

A.  Omeprazole (PPI)
B.  Famotidine (H2 Blocker)
C.  Lorazepam (anxiolytic)
D.  Loperamide (Imodium)
E.  Colloidal Bismuth (Pepto-Bismol)
A

D. Loperamide

32
Q

What is scopalamine’s effect on the GI tract?

A
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • decreases peristalsis
  • used to prevent motion sickness
33
Q

Beta blockers reduce oxygen demand by heart and are
commonly used to treat hypertension, Congestive heart failure, etc.

How do you treat a patient overdosed on beta blockers?

A.  Epinephrine
B.  Cortisol
C.  Dopamine
D. Glucagon
E.  Insulin
A

D. glucagon

Beta blockers prevent the liver from breaking down glycogen. Glucagon will degrade fat in liver to fatty acids.

B2 receptors in liver
B1 receptors in Adipose

Term 2: Pharmacology (4 decks)

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