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Gastroenterology > GI Physiology > Flashcards

GI Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Inner most layer of GI wall composed of epithelial cells specialized for absorption and secretion.

A

mucosa

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2
Q

Layer of GI wall that consists of collagen, elastin, glands, and blood vessels

A

submucosa

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3
Q

Layers of GI wall that provides motility for GI tract

A

Circular and Longitudinal Smooth Muscle

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4
Q

Outer most layer of GI wall

A

serosa

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5
Q

breaking food in small particles so they are easily broken down by enzymes. occurs in the mouth and stomach

A

mechanical digestion

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6
Q

Enzymes in mouth that helps digest carbs and lipids

A

amylase (carbs) and lipase (lipids)

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7
Q

First step of swallowing

A

cricopharyngeal relaxation

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8
Q

What is different about the layers of the esophagus compared to the rest of the GI tract?

A

no serosa

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9
Q

Enzymes that breakdown proteins in the stomach

A

pepsin and peptidase

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10
Q

What are the three phases of digestion?

A

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

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11
Q

Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice and weak contractions of the gallbladder during the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion

A

vagus nerve

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12
Q

What induces the release of cholecstokinin?

A

fatty, protein-rich chyme

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13
Q

What induces the release of secretin by the enteroendocrine cells of the duodenal wall?

A

acidic chyme

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14
Q

What induces the release of pancreatic juice?

A

CCK and secretin

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15
Q

Required for the absorption of B12

A

intrinsic factor

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16
Q

Protects gastric mucosa from HCl

A

mucus

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17
Q

Cells found in the body of the stomach that secrete pepsinogen

A

chief cells

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18
Q

Cells found in the body of the stomach that secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

A

parietal cells

19
Q

Secreted by G cells in stomach in response to eating. Stimuli include proteins, distention of stomach, and vagal stimulation

A

gastrin

20
Q

Promotes H+ secretion by gastric parietal cells. Stimulates growth of gastric mucosa

A

gastrin

21
Q

Released from vagus nerve. Binds to receptors on parietal cells. Produces H+ secretion by parietal cells. Atropine blocks muscarinic receptors on parietal cells

A

ACh

22
Q

Released from mastlike cells in gastric mucosa. Binds to H2 receptors on parietal cells. Produces H+ secretion by parietal cells

A

histamine

23
Q

Most common cause of upper GI bleeding?

A

duodenal ulcers

24
Q

Type of motility where circular muscle contracts sending chyme in both directions. Intestine then relaxes allowing chyme to merge back together

A

segmentation

25
Q

Type of motility where longitudinal muscle contracts propeling chyme along small intestine. Simultaneously, portion of intestine caudal to bolus relaxes

A

peristaltic

26
Q

Controls contractile, secretory, and endocrine functions of GI tract. Sends information directly to smooth muscle, secretory, and endocrine cells

A

Intrinsic Innervation

27
Q

Name for the numerous openings of gastric mucosa where the gastric glands empty into

A

gastric pits

28
Q

Largest internal organ

A

liver

29
Q

Supplies majority of blood supply to the liver. Brings venous blood rich in nutrients from digestive tract. High blood flow

A

hepatic portal vein

30
Q

Name of structures where hepatocytes are in contact with blood in the liver. They fxn as capillaries and are arranged to form functional units (lobules)

A

sinusoids

31
Q

Found in people who abuse alcohol because alcohol suppresses citrate cycle and thereby impairs gluconeogenesis from aminoacids.

A

hypoglycemia

32
Q

What is the majority of cholesterol in the liver converted into?

A

bile salts

33
Q

Necessary for digestion and absorption of lipids in small intestine. Emulsify lipids to prepare them for digestion

A

Bile salts

34
Q

Detectable when the total plasma bilirubin > 2mg/dl

A

jaundice

35
Q

good diagnostic test for obstructive jaundice

A

conjugated bilirubin

36
Q

What is the pathophysiologi mechanism behind the development of varices and ascites associated with cirrhosis?

A

Cirrhosis leads to scar tissue which can obstruct blood and bile flow. Obstruction of hepatic venous blood flow can increase pressures

37
Q

Main duct (Wirsung) runs the entire length of pancreas. Joins CBD at the ampulla of Vater

A

pancreatic duct

38
Q

Acts on the acid producing parietal cells and indirectly decreases stomach acid production by preventing release of gastrin, secretin and histamine.

A

somatostatin

39
Q

only digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas in an active form
functions optimally at a pH of 7. hydrolyzes starch and glycogen to glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and dextrins

A

amylase

40
Q

Finger-like projections of the small intestinal mucosa

A

villi

41
Q

Tiny projections on luminal membrane of each intestinal cell. Give the apical region striated appearance called brush border

A

microvilli

42
Q

primary site for the removal of water and electrolytes and the storage of feces

A

transverse colon

43
Q

Tubular glands located in the mucosa of the large intestine that are responsible for mucus secretion

A

crypts

44
Q

What blocks the passage of feces and maintains continence?

A

contraction of internal anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle

Gastroenterology (19 decks)

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