Globalization Flashcards

1
Q

Globalization:

A
  • consolidation of the whole world into one space
  • compression of the world and the increased sense of one world
  • balance and blend between homogenization and differentiation, integration and disintigration, unification and diversification
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2
Q

How did globalization happen?

A
  • TNC
  • international capital
  • neoliberal economies
  • deregulation of markets and free trade zones
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3
Q

Homogenization:

A
  • similar economic/political system globally
  • large TNCs operate globally with similar look and feel
  • products available globally
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4
Q

Diversification:

A
  • niche/boutique marketing
  • cultural inflections on products
  • multicultural society: anything you want is available
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5
Q

Globalization processes have been greatly facilitated by _____ _____.

A

communications technologies

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6
Q

Globalization encompasses numerous spheres:

A
  • political
  • economic
  • cultural
  • social
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7
Q

Sport is perhaps the most powerful ____ ____.

A

global phenomenon

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8
Q

Globalization is not…but is…

A
  • either good or bad

- both good and bad

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9
Q

Globalization: the good:

A
  • increased diversity of athletes and increased participation, esp. from smaller countries
  • boundary crossing: gender, religious, climate
  • increasing opportunities for coaches, athletes, and leaders
  • promote peace
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10
Q

Globalization: The bad:

A
  • using developing countries to manufacture products
  • mobile athletes where country of origin no longer matters
  • increased involvement of sport media gathering
  • environmental impact
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11
Q

Labour issue #1:

A
  • TNCs are complicit in using developing countries’ cheaper labour
  • makes us complicit when we buy it
  • TNCs argue that they often pay above minimum wage for that country
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12
Q

Labour issue #2:

A
  • migration of athletes
  • while athletes can benefit personally, developing countries often do not
  • emphasis on individualism
  • very rarely is the donor country fairly compensated because capitalism demands best bang for its buck
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13
Q

When sport is driven largely by ___ and ___ _____, _____ occurs.

A
  • TNCs
  • media conglomerates
  • commodification
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14
Q

Commodification in sports:

A
  • sport/athletes become products
  • non-sellable products do not thrive
  • sporting diversity and heritage diminishes
  • sport changes (rules, commercials, product placement)
  • becomes more about the spectacle and less about athletic achievements
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15
Q

Circuits of promotion:

A
  • advertising a product in one venue where that venue is itself a product advertised in the original product’s venue
  • like mutual back scratching
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16
Q

Because sport is a ____ and focused on ____, _____ occur.

A
  • business
  • profit
  • externalities
17
Q

Externalities:

A

costs created by but not paid by the sporting bodies and/or owners

18
Q

____ ____ are one significant source of externalities.

A

environmental costs

19
Q

Why don’t they stop environmental costs?

A

it costs more to repair damage or not cause it

20
Q

The inconvenient question:

A

what are we willing to share of our profits/benefits with poorer countries who provide the labour and athletes?

21
Q

Reliance on individuals to “do the ____ ____” likely won’t counterbalance capitalism’s drive for…

A
  • right thing

- uninterrupted capital flow