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A-Level History: Tsarist And Communist Russia - 1855-1964 > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the Serfs? What could happen to them?

A

Labour workers owned by masters

Bought or sold

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2
Q

What were Mirs?

A

Village communes where peasants lived and worked

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3
Q

What is autocracy?

A

Total power by one person

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4
Q

What is a Tsar?

A

Emperor of Russia

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5
Q

What was the Orthodox Church?

A

Official state religion of Tsarist Russia

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6
Q

What was conscription?

A

Forced service, usually for 25 years

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7
Q

What was Serfdom?

A

Where peasants are property of their masters

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8
Q

What is Emancipation?

A

Freedom

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9
Q

What was the Bureaucracy?

A

Civil servants who undertake administrative tasks

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10
Q

What is a Mortgage?

A

Money borrowed against a form of security

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11
Q

Who were the Westernisers?

A

Russian intellectuals who believed Russia should follow Western lines

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12
Q

Who were the Slavophiles?

A

Russian intellectuals who believe Russia should seek a basis under tradition

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13
Q

Who were the Intellectuals?

A

Educated elite often critical of the Tsarist regime

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14
Q

What/When was the Crimean War?

A

Where Russia were up against Britain, France and Turkey

1853-56

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15
Q

What does radical mean?

A

Fundamental change

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16
Q

What is the Zemstva? When were they set up?

A

Elected local government assemblies

1864

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17
Q

What is a Liberal?

A

Someone who wanted more personal and economic freedom

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18
Q

What was St Petersburg?

A

Capital of Russia (later Petrograd and Leningrad)

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19
Q

What was the Ohkrana?

A

Third Section replacement

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20
Q

What was reaction?

A

Backwards behaviour returning to former ways

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21
Q

Who were the Land Captains?

A

Nobles with extensive local powers

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22
Q

What is a pogrom?

A

Attack on Jews

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23
Q

What is Russification?

A

Imposing Russian culture and language on ethnic minorities

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24
Q

What is anti-semitism?

A

Hatred towards Jews

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25
Q

Who were the ethnic minorities?

A

Primarily Poles, Finns, Ukrainians and Jews

26
Q

What are Import Tariffs?

A

Money paid when goods are brought into Russia

27
Q

Who were Kadets?

A

Constitutional Democratic Party members

28
Q

What was universal suffrage?

A

Vote for all people

29
Q

Who were Octobrists?

A

Moderate Conservative party

30
Q

Who were the Bolshevik Party? Who led them?

A

A faction broken away from the Social Democratic Working Party
Lenin

31
Q

What were “civil rights”?

A

Personal rights

32
Q

What was the Socialist Revolutionary Party? What did it support?

A

Populist party founded in 1901

Land redistribution

33
Q

What was the Social Democratic Workers’ Party? What 2 factions did this party later split into?

A

Marxist party founded in 1898

Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

34
Q

What does “proletarian” mean?

A

Exploited working-class member

35
Q

What were Mensheviks?

A

Marxists

36
Q

What was the Central Committee?

A

Body elected by party congress

37
Q

What was Kronstadt?

A

St Petersburg’s main seaport

38
Q

What is meant by “dual power”?

A

Power-sharing between the Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet

39
Q

What is a constituent assembly?

A

A governing body who draw up a new constitution

40
Q

Who were the Red Guards?

A

Bolshevik armed forces

41
Q

What is a mandate?

A

Authority to carry out a policy

42
Q

What was the Cheka?

A

Bolshevik secret police

43
Q

Who are Commissars?

A

Socialist ministers

44
Q

What was Sovnarkom?

A

Soviet Council of People’s Commissars

45
Q

What is the Politburo?

A

The highest policy-making body in the Soviet Union

46
Q

What is meant by a “purge”?

A

“A cleaning out of impurities”

47
Q

What was Stakhanovite?

A

A movement named after a miner with record-breaking amounts of coal in 1935

48
Q

What was the Komsomol?

A

Young Communist organisation

49
Q

What was the NKVD?

A

Secret police force that succeeded the Cheka

50
Q

What was the Kolkhoz?

A

Main collective farm of Russia

51
Q

What was the Nomenklatura?

A

Privileged elite who ran the party machine

52
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

Tension between the US and Soviet Union post-WW2

53
Q

What was Samizdat?

A

Secret publication of banned literature

54
Q

What was Burzhui?

A

Abusive term against anti-Communists

55
Q

What was a constitutional monarchy?

A

Where the ruler’s power is limited by an elected assembly

56
Q

What was Marxism?

A

A political ideology that believes all history is driven by economic forces which create class struggles

57
Q

What was a Narodnik?

A

Russian name for a populist

58
Q

What were show trials?

A

Propagandist trials held for political purposes

59
Q

What was a socialist?

A

Someone who believes factory and land should belong to the people

60
Q

What was a Soviet?

A

An elected council that controlled factories or local areas

61
Q

What were trade unions?

A

Organisations that represent workers in negotiations

62
Q

What was the Winter Palace? Where is it located?

A

Home of the Tsar

St Petersburg

A-Level History: Tsarist And Communist Russia - 1855-1964 (39 decks)

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