Flashcards in Gluteal and Posterior Femoral Regions Deck (68):
1
piriformis
attached to the sacrum
2
greater and lesser sciatic notches form what?
foramen because there are ligaments
-sacrotubrerous ligament
-becomes greater and lesser sciatic foramina
3
gluteal region?
superficial and deep layers
4
superficial gluteal muscles?
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae
5
attachments of gluteus maximus
origin:
between posterior crest of ilium and posterior gluteal line and sacrotuberous ligament
insertion:
gluteal tuberosity of femur and IT tract
**has distal tendon on IT tract
6
action of gluteus maximus
extension, lateral rotation of thigh
action at ITT with tensor fascia latae stabilizes the knee
important in going up stairs or getting up from a sitting position
7
innervation of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
8
attachments of gluteus medius
origin:
ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
insertion:
greater trochanter of femur
9
deltoid of the lower limb
gluteal muscles
10
action of gluteus medius?
abduction of thigh
posterior fibers - laterally rotate thigh (w/ gluteus maximus)
anterior fibers - medially rotate thigh (w/ gluteus minimus)
levels sacral base when opposite limb is unsupported
11
innervation of gluteus medius?
superior gluteal nerve
12
attachments of gluteus minimus?
origin:
ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
insertion:
greater trochanter of femur - anterior surface
13
action of gluteus minimus?
abduction and medial rotation of thigh
acts with gluteus medius in leveling sacral base
14
paralyze the L5
sacral base drops
15
attachment of tensor fascia latae?
origin:
anterior outer portion of iliac crest next to ASIS
insertion:
via IT tract to lateral tibial condyle
16
action of tensor fascia latae?
abducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
by tensing IT tract maintains knee extended
17
innervation of tensor fascia latae?
superior gluteal nerve
18
muscles of deep gluteal region?
piriformis
gemellus superior
obturator internus
gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris
**lateral rotation
19
tensor fascia latae with straight leg?
flex and medially rotate
20
tensor fascia latae
always working with other muscles
21
attachment of piriformis
origin:
anterior surface of sacrum, lateral to anterior sacral foramina
insertion:
greater trochanter of femur
22
action of piriformis
abduction of thigh, lateral rotation
23
innervation to piriformis?
nerve to piriformis
24
attachments of gemellus superior?
origin:
ischial spine
insertion:
tendon of obturator internus (greater trochanter)
25
action of gemellus superior?
lateral rotation of thigh
26
innervation of gemellus superior?
nerve to obturator internus
27
all to greater trochanter?
gemellus superior and inferior
obturator internus
28
attachments of obturator internus
origin:
internal surface of obturator membrane and margins of oburator foramen
insertion:
greater trochanter
29
action of obturator internus?
lateral rotation and some abduction of thigh
30
innervation of obturator internus?
nerve to obturator internus
31
attachments of gemellus inferior
origin:
ischial tuberosity near margin of lesser sciatic notch
insertion:
tendon of obturator internus (greater trochanter)
32
action of gemellus inferior?
lateral rotation of thigh
33
innervation of gemellus inferior?
nerve to quadratus femoris
34
attachments of quadratus femoris
origin:
ischial tuberosity
insertion:
area midway between trochanter on posterior surface of femur
35
action of quadratus femoris
lateral rotation of thigh
36
innervation of quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
37
muscles of posterior femoral compartment?
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
38
attachment of biceps femoris?
origin:
long head - ischial tuberosity
short head - middle third lateral lip linea aspera of femur
insertion:
lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula
39
action of biceps femoris?
long head - extends thigh, flexes leg
short head - flexes leg
40
innervation of biceps femoris?
long head - tibial component of sciatic nerve
short head - common fibular nerve
41
attachments of semimembranosus
origin:
ischial tuberosity
insertion:
posterior surface, medal condyle of tibia
42
action of semimembranosus
extends thigh, flexes leg and medially rotates leg when knee flexed
43
attachments of semitendinosus
origin:
ischial tuberosity
insertion:
medial anterior surface of tibia below condyle
44
action of semitendinosus
extends thigh
flexes and medially rotates leg when knee is flexed
45
innervation of semitendinosus
tibial component of sciatic nerve
46
what forms the pes anserinus?
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
same actions on knee
-flexion and medial rotation of tibia when tibia flexed
47
superior gluteal artery
branch of internal iliac artery
passes from pelvic cavity to gluteal area through the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis
48
vessels around piriformis?
superior gluteal and inferior gluteal
49
superficial branch of superior gluteal artery?
to gluteus maximus
50
deep branch of superior gluteal artery?
divides into superior and inferior branches
-both travel between gluteus medius and minimus
superior branch - tensor fascia lata fossa
inferior branch - trochanteric fossa
51
inferior gluteal artery?
branch of internal iliac artery
passes to gluteal area from pelvic cavity via greater sciatic foramen INFERIOR to piriformis
52
muscular branch of inferior gluteal artery?
to gluteus maximus and muscles in area of ischial tuberosity
53
largest peripheral nerve in body?
sciatic nerve
54
inferior gluteal artery anastomosis?
branches to cruciate anastomosis
55
branches of inferiour gluteal artery?
muscular, anastomosis branch, branch to sciatic nerve, coccygeal, cutaneous
56
coccygeal branch of inferior gluteal artery?
pierce sacrotuberous ligament to gain gluteus maximus and subcutaneous region over coccyx
57
cutaneous branch of inferior gluteal artery?
accompanies posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
58
vasculature of posterior femoral compartment?
perforating vessels of profunda femoral artery and vein
59
sacral plexus
ventral rami spinal nerves L 4,5 S 1,2,3
motor and cutaneous innervation to lower limb, muscles of pelvus and perineum, and skin of perineum
60
nerves to gluteal area
pass from sacral plexus as neurovasacular bundles to deep side of muscles
61
need to know courses of what?
superior and inferior gluteal and sciatic nerves***
62
superior gluteal nerve
L4,5 S1
originates in sacral plexus
exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen ABOVE piriformis muscle in company with superior gluteal artery and vein
courses between gluteus medius and minimus
innervates gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae
63
inferior gluteal nerve?
L5 S1,2
originates from sacral plexus, exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen ANTERIOR to piriformis in company with sciatic, pudenal, and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves, inferior gluteal and internal pudenal vessels
passes directly into gluteus maximus which it innervates
64
sciatic nerve
L 4,5 S 1,2,3
largest peripheral nerve of body and principal nerve of sacral plexus
passes directly into gluteus maximus which it innervates
exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen, passing anteriorly and sometimes through substance of piriformis
65
two components of sciatic nerve?
tibial
common fibular
66
tibial nerve?
component of sciatic nerve
-composed of anterior divisions of ventral rami, spinal nerves L4-S3
67
common fibular nerve?
component of sciatic nerve
-composed of posterior divisions of ventral rami, spinal nerves L4-S2
68