Gluteal Region

Question 1

What foramen provides the passageway for all lower limb nerves and arteries to leave the pelvis?

Answer 1

The greater sciatic foramen.

Question 2

What are the components of the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 2

The greater sciatic notch and sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 3

What structures (7) transverse the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 3

Piriformis
Gluteal vessels and nerves (Sup. and Inf.)
Internal pudendal vesseles and nerve
Sciatic nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Nerve to quadratus femoris and inf. gemellus
Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

Question 4

What components make up the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 4

The sciatic notch and the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.

Question 5

What transverses through the lesser sciatic notch?

Answer 5

Tendon of obturator internus
Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
Nerve to obturator internis.

Question 6

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 6

Sacrotuberous ligament, the ilium, sacrum and coccyx.

Question 7

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 7

Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract.

Question 8

What is the action of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

Extend and laterally rotate the thigh
Rise from sitting position
Running

Question 9

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

Answer 9

The inferior gluteal nerve.

Question 10

What blood vessels supply the gluteus maximus?

Answer 10

The inferior and superior gluteal arteries and veins.

Question 11

What is the origin of the gluteus medius?

Answer 11

Ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal line

Question 12

What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?

Answer 12

Greater trochanter

Question 13

What is the action of the gluteus medius

Answer 13

Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh.

Stops hip from sagging on the unsupported side.

Question 14

What nerve supplies the gluteus medius?

Answer 14

The superior gluteal nerve

Question 15

What blood supply goes to the gluteus medius?

Answer 15

The superior gluteal artery

Question 16

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 16

Ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.

Question 17

What is the action of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 17

Abduction and medial rotation

Question 18

What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

Answer 18

Greater Trochanter of the femur.

Question 19

What nerve supplies the gluteus minimus?

Answer 19

The superior gluteal nerve

Question 20

What artery supplies the gluteus minimus?

Answer 20

The superior gluteal artery

Question 21

What is a positive trendelenburg sign and when would these signs be seen?

Answer 21

Damage to the superior gluteal nerve which would cause:
Waddling gait
High steppage gait
Swing out gait

Question 22

What do the deep layer muscles of the thigh accomplish?

Answer 22

These are the stabilizers of the hip joint and lateral rotators of the thigh.

Question 23

What is the origin of the piriformis?

Answer 23

The anterior portion of the sacrum

Question 24

What is the insertion of the piriformis?

Answer 24

Greater trochanter

Question 25

What is the nerve supply to the piriformis?

Answer 25

S1 and S2

Question 26

What is the action of the piriformis?

Answer 26

Lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 27

What is the origin of the obturator internus?

Answer 27

Obturator membrane and surrounding bone

Question 28

What is the insertion path of the obturator internus?

Answer 28

It inserts onto the greater trochanter by leaving the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen.

Question 29

What is the nerve supply to the obturator internus?

Answer 29

L5, S1, S2

Question 30

What is the action of the obturator internus?

Answer 30

Lateral rotation, extension, and abduction of the flexed thigh.

Question 31

What is the origin of the superior gemellus

Answer 31

Ischial spine

Question 32

What is the insertion of the superior gemellus?

Answer 32

Tendon of the obturator internus

Question 33

What is the nerve supply and action of the superior gemellus?

Answer 33

L5,S1-S2 (same as obturator internus) | Action: Lateral rotation, extension and abduction of flexed thigh (same as obturator internus)

Question 34

What is the origin of the inferior gemellus?

Answer 34

Ischial tuberosity

Question 35

What is the insertion of the inferior gemellus?

Answer 35

Tendon of the obturator internus

Question 36

What is the nerve supply to the inferior gemellus?

Answer 36

L5, S1-2 (same as obturator internus)

Question 37

What is the action of the inferior gemellus?

Answer 37

Same as obturator internus | Lateral rotation, Extension, and abduction of the flexed thigh.

Question 38

What is the Origin of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 38

Ischial tuberosity

Question 39

What is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 39

Intertrochanteric crest

Question 40

What is the nerve supply to the quadratus femoris?

Answer 40

L5 and S1

Question 41

What is the action of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 41

Laterally rotate thigh.

Question 42

What structures does the superior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 42

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus along with tensor fasciae lata

Question 43

What structures does the inferior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 43

Supplies gluteus maximus and the short lateral rotators of the thigh.

Question 44

What structures does the internal pudendal artery supply?

Answer 44

Supplies the perineal region

Question 45

During what week do the lower limb buds become seen?

Answer 45

During the fifth week

Question 46

The lower limb buds extend from what spinal part/

Answer 46

L2-S2

Question 47

The upper limb buds are seen about a week earlier than the lower limbs and are seen at what spinal side?

Answer 47

C5- T1

Question 48

During what week do the limbs undergoe torsion

Answer 48

During the seventh week