Gluteal Region

Question 1

name the muscles of the superficial muscle group

Answer 1

• gluteus maximus
• gluteus medius
• gluteus minimus
• tensor fascia latae

Question 2

what are the actions of the superficial muscle group

Answer 2

• extensors
• abductors
• medial rotators of the thigh (gluteus media and minimus)
• lateral rotators of the thigh (gluteus maximus)

Question 3

what is the function of the tensor fascia latae

Answer 3

tenses the fascia latae and helps tense the iliotibial tract

Question 4

what nerve innervates the gluteus maximus

Answer 4

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 5

what nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 5

superior gluteal nerve

Question 6

spinal level of inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 6

L5-S2

Question 7

spinal level of superior gluteal nerve

Answer 7

L4, 5 and S1

Question 8

what does Trendelenburg’s Test show

Answer 8

pathology of the superior gluteal nerve

Question 9

how to you perform Trendelenberg’s Test

Answer 9

stand on one leg, the pelvis will tilt down on the unsupported leg as the gluteus medius and minimus are no longer supporting the pelvis

Question 10

name the muscles of the deep muscle group

Answer 10

• piniformis
• obturator internus
• gemelli
• quadratus femoris

Question 11

what are the actions of the deep muscle group

Answer 11

• lateral rotators of the thigh

- hip stabilisers

Question 12

what nerves innervate the muscles of the deep group

- what plexus

Answer 12

• piriformis - anterior ramus of S1 and 2
• superior gemelli - nerve to obturator internus
• inferior gemelli - nerve to quadratus femoris
• obturator internus - nerve to obturator internus
• quadratus femoris - nerve to quadratus femoris

(sacral plexus)

Question 13

what foramen do most nerves and vessels in the pelvis (a) and perineum (b) pass through

Answer 13

a. greater sciatic foramen

b. lesser sciatic foramen

Question 14

what forms the sciatic foramen

Answer 14

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 15

what are foramen without ligaments called

Answer 15

knotches

Question 16

spinal level of the sciatic nerve

Answer 16

L4-S3

Question 17

where does the sciatic nerve supply and its branches supply

Answer 17

posterior thigh, all leg and foot muscles and most of the skin

Question 18

name the branches of the sciatic nerve

Answer 18

tibial and common fibular

Question 19

spinal level of the pudendal nerve

Answer 19

S2-S4

Question 20

where does the pudendal nerve supply (mnemonic)

Answer 20

perineum

S2, 3, 4 keeps pelvis and penis off the floor

Question 21

spinal level of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 21

S1-S3

Question 22

where does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply

Answer 22

skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum and upper medial thigh

Question 23

where does the sciatic nerve usually exit (a) and where is it in the sciatic foramen compared to other structures (b)

Answer 23

(a) inferior to the piriformis

(b) most lateral

Question 24

what is the sciatic nerve’s blood supply called

Answer 24

artery to the sciatic nerve

Question 25

where does the sciatic nerve normally branch

Answer 25

distal 1/3 of the thigh

Question 26

describe the two branches of the sciatic nerve

Answer 26

tibial - larger and medial | fibular - smaller and lateral

Question 27

where does the gluteus maximus attach to

Answer 27

iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx proximally iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur distally

Question 28

where do the gluteus minimus and medius attach to

Answer 28

gluteal aspect of the ilium and anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 29

what does the inferior gluteal NVB contain, where is it located and supply

Answer 29

contains the inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, located deep to the gluteus maximus and supplies the gluteus maximus

Question 30

what does the superior gluteal NVB contain, where is it located and supply

Answer 30

contains the superior gluteal artery, vein and nerve, located deep to the gluteus medius and supplies the gluteus medius and minimus

Question 31

how are the muscles of the deep layer arranged

Answer 31

strips running transversely from (medial to lateral) between the sacrum, ilium and ishial spine and the tiberosity medially to the greater trochanter of the femur laterally

Question 32

what is the iliotibial tract

Answer 32

thickening of the fascia latae of the thigh

Question 33

where does the iliotibial tract run

Answer 33

form the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the tibial condyle at Gerdy's tubercle

Question 34

what is the tensor fascia latae and where is it

Answer 34

the tensor fascia latae is the muscular part of the fascia lata and it's enclosed in the proximal part of the tract