Gram negative/ positive bacteria

Question 1

Is Staphylococci gram negative or positive?

Answer 1

Positive

Question 2

Describe the structure of Staphylococci

Answer 2

Clusters of cocci

Question 3

What areas of the body can Staphylococcus aureus be carried in?

Answer 3

Throat, nasal cavity and groin

Question 4

Give examples of Staphylococci aureus infections

Answer 4

skin and soft tissues, burns and endocarditis. Major problem is MRSA

Question 5

What is one of the main healthcare related issues regarding Staphylococcus epidermis?

Answer 5

infections of medical devices, e.g. catheters, prosthetic joints, heart valves.

Question 6

Name the second most common cause of UTI’s

Answer 6

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 7

What colour are gram positive bacteria when stained?

Answer 7

purple

Question 8

Is staphylococcus areus coagulase positive or negative?

Answer 8

positive

Question 9

Is staphylococcus epidermis coagulase positive or negative?

Answer 9

negative

Question 10

Is staphylococcus saprophyticus coagulase positive or negative?

Answer 10

negative

Question 11

Describe the structure of Streptococci

Answer 11

chains of cocci

Question 12

Is Streptococci gram positive or negative?

Answer 12

positive

Question 13

When streptococcus penumoniae are grown on blood containing agar, they are…

Answer 13

alpha haemolytic (turn regions around colonies green).

Question 14

Streptococci pneumoniae infections cause…

Answer 14

pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia and ear infections

Question 15

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep) is …haemolytic

Answer 15

beta

Question 16

Streptococcus pyogenes infections may cause…

Answer 16

tonsillitis, skin and soft tissue infections (impetigo etc) and deeper infections such as necrotising fasciitis.

Question 17

Describe the shape of enterobacteriaceae

Answer 17

rod shaped

Question 18

Is Escherichia gram positive or negative?

Answer 18

negative

Question 19

E coli typically colonises…

Answer 19

the gut (although virulent strains can cause GI infections). Many pathotypes.

Question 20

Name some common E coli infections

Answer 20

UTI (simple/uncomplicated to pyelonephritis), severe (haemolytic uremic syndrome) to mild intestinal disease.

Question 21

Describe the shape of shigella

Answer 21

rod shaped

Question 22

Shigella causes…

Answer 22

dysentery characterised by bloody, mucous filled diarrhoea, spread by contamination of food by handlers (Nigella) faecal-oral route) or at source

Question 23

Describe the shape of salmonella

Answer 23

rod shaped

Question 24

Non-typhoidal salmonella (NTS) eg Salmonella Enteritidis is a cause of…

Answer 24

gastrointestinal disease previously associated with eggs

Question 25

Typhoidal salmonella (enteric fever) is a cause of...

Answer 25

serious infection called typhoid fever with systemic signs (fever etc).

Question 26

Carriers of typhoidal salmonella maintain the infection by...

Answer 26

passing it on through poor hygiene practice.

Question 27

Is neiserria meningitidis gram negative or positive?

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

What is the leading cause of meningitis?

Answer 28

Neiserria meningitidis

Question 29

Is neiserria gonnorrhoea gram negative or positive?

Answer 29

negative

Question 30

Which bacteria causes urethral, rectal and throat infections, endocervical infections, eye infections in newborns, asymptomatic infection, pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy

Answer 30

neiserria gonnorrhoae

Question 31

Is bordetella pertussis gram negative or positive?

Answer 31

negative

Question 32

Which bacteria causes whooping cough?

Answer 32

bordetella pertussis

Question 33

Name a disease that primarily causes deaths in <3 month olds

Answer 33

bordetella pertussis/whooping cough

Question 34

is haemophilius influenzae gram negative or positive?

Answer 34

negative

Question 35

Name an infection caused by haemophilus influenza?

Answer 35

meningitis

Question 36

Describe the shape and structure of enterococci

Answer 36

chains of cocci

Question 37

Enterococcus faecalis - major issue in resistance to vancomycin, leading to...infections in...patients

Answer 37

line infections in dialysis patients

Question 38

Describe the shape of Clostridium

Answer 38

rod shaped

Question 39

Is C diff gram negative or positive?

Answer 39

positive

Question 40

Is C diff aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 40

anaerobic...but a spore producer, allows bacterium to spread easily in environment

Question 41

Which bacteria leads to antibiotic associated diarrhoea, psuedomembranous colitis or toxic megacolon?

Answer 41

clostridium difficule

Question 42

Is clostridium perfringens gram negative or positive?

Answer 42

positive

Question 43

Which bacteria results in gas gangrene? flourishes in necrotic (dead) tissue. requires surgical debridement or amputation?

Answer 43

clostridium perfringens

Question 44

Proteus mirabilis is notorious for...

Answer 44

encrustation of catheters

Question 45

Scalded syndrome is caused by...

Answer 45

staph infections

Question 46

Staph skin and soft tissue infections can be treated with...

Answer 46

oral antibiotics

Question 47

Toxic shock syndrome is caused by

Answer 47

staph skin and soft tissue infections

Question 48

Symptoms of TSS include...

Answer 48

fever, hypotension, rash, desquamation of the skin on soles/palms, and involves multiple organ systems

Question 49

MRSA stands for...

Answer 49

Methicilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Question 50

MRSA is most common in...

Answer 50

the elderly, lines/catheters, surgical wounds and intensive care units

Question 51

Treatments for MRSA include...

Answer 51

Vancomycin

Question 52

Cannulae should be changed every 72 hours to prevent...

Answer 52

Staph. epidermidis

Question 53

Alcoholics, patients with no spleen, the immunosupressed and diabetics are more susceptible to...

Answer 53

strep penumoniae

Question 54

Strep penuomniae causes...

Answer 54

sinusitis, otitis media, penumonia, meningitis, septicaemia and septic arthritis