grave

Question 1

mental processes exist because they serve an evolutionarily purpose, they aid in survival and reproduction

Answer 1

Evolutionary

Question 2

Brain applies what it knows and expects to perceive sensory information

Answer 2

Top down processing

Question 3

with Weber, founder of psycho physics who studied the relations between physical changes and perceived changes in stimuli

Answer 3

Gustav Fechner

Question 4

The influence of genetics and brain chemistry (physical and biological processes)

Answer 4

Biological

Question 5

Demonstrated how specialized cells in the brain respond to visual information

Answer 5

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel

Question 6

The study of relationship between physical energy and psychological experiences

Answer 6

Psychophysics

Question 7

Is the process by which sensory receptors receive information from the environment

Answer 7

Sensation

Question 8

Is the process of converting physical energy into electrical signals

Answer 8

transduction

Question 9

founder of psychophysics who investigated the just noticeable difference and proposed ___’ law

Answer 9

Ernst Weber

Question 10

The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensations, enabling you to recognize meaningful objects and events

Answer 10

perception

Question 11

Build up from the smallest pieces of sensory information

Answer 11

Bottom up processing

Question 12

colored muscle surrounding the pupil that regulates the size of the pupil opening

Answer 12

Iris

Question 13

light sensitive surface in the back of the eye containing rods and cones

Answer 13

Retina

Question 14

structure behind the pupil that changes shape to focus on near or far objects by adjusting how light hits the retina

Answer 14

Lens

Question 15

small adjustable opening in the iris that is smaller in bright light and larger in darkness

Answer 15

Pupil

Question 16

The point where you notice that a stimulus is present. The minimal stimulation required for a particular stimulus to be detected 50% of the time

Answer 16

Absolute threshold

Question 17

transparent, curved layer in the front of the eye that bends incoming light rays

Answer 17

cornea

Question 18

maintains that minimum threshold varies with fatigue, attention, expectations, motivation, emotional distress, and from one person to another

Answer 18

Signal detection theory

Question 19

vision at higher light levels and capable of color vision

Answer 19

cones

Question 20

The size of the JND is directly proportional to the strength of the original stimulus

Answer 20

Weber’s law

Question 21

Simultaneously analyzing different elements of sensory information

Answer 21

Parallel processing

Question 22

The point where you can detect the difference between stimuli

Answer 22

Just Noticeable Difference (JND)

Question 23

The smallest change in stimulation that a person can detect 50% of the time

Answer 23

Difference threshold

Question 24

images that remains visible after viewing an object. A negative after image reverse the colors in the original image

Answer 24

Afterimages

Question 25

specialized nerve cells in the visual cortex respond to particular elements like shape, movement, edges, and angles

Answer 25

Feature detectors

Question 26

The retina has receptors for three opposing pairs of colors: white-black, red-green, and yellow-blue

Answer 26

Opponent processing theory

Question 27

The retina has three color receptors that are sensitive to red green and blue light

Answer 27

trichromatic theory

Question 28

processes black, white and gray light, vision at lower light levels

Answer 28

Rods

Question 29

The smell center of the brain, which receives and processes chemical information from the olfactory nerve

Answer 29

Olfactory bulb

Question 30

Bundle of retinal ganglion axons that carries information from the eye to the thalamus

Answer 30

optic nerve

Question 31

area in eye with no receptor cells

Answer 31

blind spot

Question 32

The chemical sense of smell with receptors in a mucous membrane to the roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 32

olfaction

Question 33

specialized light sensitive neurons in the retina that converts light into neural impulses; includes rods and cones

Answer 33

photoreceptors

Question 34

body sense of equilibrium with hairlike receptors in semicircular canals and vestibular sac in the inner eye / it allows balance and body posture

Answer 34

vestibular sense

Question 35

body sense that provides information about the position and movement of individual parts of your body with receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints

Answer 35

kinesthesis

Question 36

pain is experienced only if the pain messages can pass through a gate in the spinal cord on their route to the brain

Answer 36

gate-control theory

Question 37

the rate of the neural impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, enabling you to sense its pitch. Explains well how you hear low-pitched sounds

Answer 37

frequency theory

Question 38

the position on the basilar membrane at which waves reach their peak depends on the frequency of a tone. Accounts well for higher-pitched sounds

Answer 38

place theory

Question 39

axons of neurons in the cochlea converge transmitting sound messages

Answer 39

auditory nerve

Question 40

the process by which you determine the location of a sound

Answer 40

sound localization

Question 41

includes the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs

Answer 41

inner ear

Question 42

includes three tiny bones: the hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Answer 42

middle ear

Question 43

the chemical sense of taste with receptor cells in the taste buds

Answer 43

gustation

Question 44

snail shaped fluid filled tube in the inner ear with hair cells on the basilar membrane that transduce mechanical energy of vibrating molecules to the electrochemical energy of neural impulses / produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations

Answer 44

cochlea

Question 45

includes the pinna, the auditory canal, and the eardrum

Answer 45

outer ear

Question 46

the highness or lowness of a sound. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch. The longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency, the lower the pitch

Answer 46

pitch

Question 47

the # of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given amount of time (determine the pitch of a sound)

Answer 47

frequency

Question 48

the process of transducing acoustic energy into perceivable sound (hearing)

Answer 48

audtion

Question 49

the study of paranormal phenomena such as extrasensory perception and psychokinesis

Answer 49

parapsychology

Question 50

focus on one stimulus will lead to between blind to other stimuli change blindness=miss changes)

Answer 50

inattentional blindness

Question 51

ability to focus on a particular sound while partial filtering out other sounds

Answer 51

cocktail party effect

Question 52

the figure is what is focused on and the ground is the blurry background which is likely ignored

Answer 52

figure ground pattern

Question 53

focused awareness of only a limited aspect of all you are capable of experiencing

Answer 53

selective attention

Question 54

we perceive the form of familiar obiects as constant even while our retinas receive changing images of them

Answer 54

shape and size constancies

Question 55

occurs when we ourselves are the moving objects. Objects that are fixed in one place appear to move along with us

Answer 55

relative motion

Question 56

an optical illusion consisting of two line segments, one with arrows pointing inward and one with arrows points outward. Though both lines are of equal length, the line with the inward-pointing arrows is typically perceived to be longer

Answer 56

muller-lyer illusion

Question 57

laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants

Answer 57

visual cliff

Question 58

the difference between he images seen by each eye, which can be used to gauge distance

Answer 58

retinal disparity

Question 59

clues about distance based on the image of one eye

Answer 59

monocular cues

Question 60

clues about distance requiring two eyes

Answer 60

binocular clues

Question 61

tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Answer 61

grouping

Question 62

ability to differentiate an obiect from its background

Answer 62

figure-ground

Question 63

the process of integrating and interpreting sensory data

Answer 63

perception

Question 64

predisposition to perceive things in a certain way (notice certain aspects of an object/situation while ignoring other details

Answer 64

perceptual set

Question 65

reduced sensitivity to a stimulus after constant exposure to it

Answer 65

sensory adaptation

Question 66

the human visual system can process up to 10 to 12 images per second and still perceive the images as individual pictures. The movement of a series of pictures at a rate that suggests motion is called stroboscopic movement

Answer 66

phi phenomenon

Question 67

a subfield of psychology that suggests that the brain forms a perceptual whole that is greater than the sum of its parts

Answer 67

gestalt physcology