Greek Institute

Question 0

Three types of accents

Answer 0

Three types of accents

1. Acute ′
2. Grave `
3. Circumflex ˆ

Question 1

Three Last Syllables

Answer 1

Three last syllables

1. Antepenult
2. Penult
3. Ultima

Question 2

Recessive Accent

Answer 2

Recessive accent

The accent of a word is said to be recessive when it goes back from the end of the word as far as is allowed by the rules for the possibilities of accent. Most verb forms have recessive accent.

Question 3

Possibilities of Accent

Answer 3

Possibilities of accent

1. a-p-ú + pause: acute accent on ultima only when a pause follows it (comma, period)
2. a-p-ù + word without pause: grave accent only on ultima when it replaces an acute accent when there is no pause
3. a-ṕ-u: acute accent on penult except when penult has a long vowel/diphthong and ultima has a short vowel
4. á-p-ŭ: acute accent on antepenult only when ultima contains a short vowel
5. a-p-ȗ: circumflex accent on ultima only when it has a long vowel/diphthong
6. a-p-ŭ: circumflex accent on penult only when it has a long vowel/diphthong and ultima has a short vowel

Question 4

Persistent Accent

Answer 4

Persistent accent

The accent of a word is said to be persistent when it tries to stay over the same vowel or diphthong unless forced by the rules for the possibilities of accent to change nature or position.

Question 5

Diphthongs

Answer 5

Diphthongs

1. αι
2. ει
3. οι
4. υι
5. αυ
6. ευ
7. ηυ
8. ου

Question 6

Greek Cases

Answer 6

Greek cases

1. Nominative: subject, predicate nominative, naming things
2. Genitive: of (limits another noun), (motion) away from/out of
3. Dative: to/for (person/object interested in action/state but not subject of it), by/with (instrumentality), in/at/on (static location)
4. Accusative: direct object, (motion) into/toward, extent of space/time
5. Vocative: direct address

Question 7

Inflection

Answer 7

Inflection

• Changing the ending of a word to convey different information is called inflection, and language which uses this device is said to be inflected.
• Two types of inflection:
  1. Inflection of a noun: declension (nouns are declined)
  2. Inflection of a verb: conjugation (verbs are conjugated)

Question 8

Proclitics

Answer 8

Proclitics

Words without accents, which are pronounced closely with the following word, are called proclitics.

Question 9

Attributive Position

Answer 9

Attributive position

• Any words which limit or depend upon a noun (e.g. genitives, prepositional phrases, and adjectives) and which are preceded by an article which agrees in gender, number, and case with that noun are said to be in the attributive position.
• Three varieties of attributive position:
  1. Words in the attributive position can appear between the particle and the noun with which it agrees.
  2. Sometimes the article is repeated after the noun and the words in the attributive position follow the repeated article.
  3. Sometimes the article does not appear before the noun but only after it.