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BIO110 > Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Flashcards

Fetal Pig Anatomy

1
Q

what does the digestive system do ?

A

digests food, absorbs nutrients, pass waste

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2
Q

proper order of food traveling through digestive system ?

A

1) oral cavity
2) esophagus
3) stomach
4) small intestine
5) large intestine (colon)
6) sigmoid colon
7) rectum
8) anus

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3
Q

organs involved w/ the digestive system ? (11)

A
  • oral cavity
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small / large intestine
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anus
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • pancreas
  • spleen
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4
Q

what are sphincters and where are they ?

A

they open and close to allow passage of fluids / foods
- between esophagus / stomach
- between stomach / small intestine

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5
Q

where does mechanical digestion take place ?

A

in the mouth
- chewing

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6
Q

where does chemical digestion take place ?

A

in the stomach / mouth
- mouth’s saliva
- chemical digestive enzymes

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7
Q

esophogus

A

connects the mouth to the stomach
- push food down via peristalsis

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8
Q

where is the esophagus in a fetal pig ?

A

to the right of the trachea
- on left side of body

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9
Q

stomach

A

holds food temporarily
- chemical digestion

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10
Q

small intestine

A

majority of food absorption
- site of hydrolysis

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11
Q

large intestine (colon)

A

reabsorbs most of water
- formation of feces

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12
Q

sigmoid colon

A

end of the large intestine

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13
Q

passage way of feces ?

A

1) form in large intestine
2) sigmoid colon
3) rectum
4) anus

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14
Q

liver

A

filters blood & bile / cholesterol production
- contains gallbladder

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15
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile made by liver

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16
Q

pancreas

A

produce digestive / pancreatic juices / insulin
- aid in chemical digestion

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17
Q

insulin

A

helps regulate blood sugar

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18
Q

spleen

A

recycles RBC / stores WBC & platelets
- produces antibodies

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19
Q

what body systems is the spleen apart of ?

A

lymphatic
- technically only AIDS digestive; not actually apart of it

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20
Q

epiglottis

A

flap closes over trachea while eating
- prevents aspiration (choking)

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21
Q

thymus

A

produce WBC / immune cells
- fight infections

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22
Q

where is the thymus located ?

A

on either side of the thyroid gland
- around the middle of the neck
- below larynx

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23
Q

what system is the thymus apart of ?

A

immune system

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24
Q

thyroid gland

A

produce hormones for development / regulate metabolism

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25
Q

where it the thyroid located ?

A

in the middle of the thymus glands
- bean shaped
- below larynx

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26
Q

what system is the thyroid gland apart of ?

A

endocrine system

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27
Q

larynx

A

produce sound
- voice box

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28
Q

where is the larynx ?

A

connected to and above the trachea

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29
Q

trachea

A

carry air in / out of lungs

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30
Q

where is the trachea in a fetal pig ?

A
  • connected to and below the larynx
  • to the left of the esophagus
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31
Q

difference between the trachea and esophagus ?

A

trachea is bigger and has horizontal banding

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32
Q

diaphragm

A

separates pleural / pericardial cavity from abdominal cavity
- contraction forces air into the lungs

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33
Q

where is the diaphragm located ?

A

below the lungs

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34
Q

pleural / pericardial cavity

A

upper torso
- contains heart / lungs

35
Q

abdominal cavity

A

lower torso
- contains stomach, liver, pancreas, etc.

36
Q

lungs

A

breathing
- exchange of O2 / CO2

37
Q

what part of the lungs physically does the exchange of O2 / CO2 ?

A

capillaries of the blood vessels

38
Q

where are the lungs located ?

A

each side of the heart

39
Q

left lung has how many lobes ?

A

2 lobes;
- superior lobe
- inferior lobe

40
Q

right lung has how many lobes ?

A

3 lobes;
- superior lobe
- middle lobe
- inferior lobe

41
Q

where does O2 / CO2 exchange occur ?

A

in the alveoli of the lungs

42
Q

heart

A

pumps blood throughout the body
- blood carries nutrients / O2 / CO2 / waste

43
Q

four heart chambers of the heart ?

A
  • right atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left atrium
  • left ventricle
44
Q

what separates the atria from the ventricles within the heart ?

A

atrioventricular valves

45
Q

what parts of the heart accept blood coming back to the heart ?

A

right / left atria

46
Q

what parts of the heart is the blood leaving the heart ?

A

right / left ventricles

47
Q

what side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood ?

A

right side

48
Q

what side of the heart contains oxygenated blood ?

A

left side

49
Q

the right side of the heart contains which valve ?

A

tricuspid valve

50
Q

the left side of the heart contains which valve ?

A

bicuspid / mitral valve

51
Q

what separates the aorta / pulmonary trunk from the ventricles ?

A

aortic / pulmonary SEMILUNAR valves

52
Q

right / left coronary arteries

A

most prominent right / left arteries on the heart
- deliver blood to heart
- originate from aorta
- oxygenated blood

53
Q

aorta

A

connected to the left ventricle;
- flow of blood to the body tissue
- oxygenated blood

54
Q

right / left pulmonary arteries

A

connected to right ventricle;
- flow of blood to the lungs
- deoxygenated blood
- contains pulmonary trunk

55
Q

right / left pulmonary veins

A

connected to the left atrium;
- brings blood from lungs to heart
- oxygenated blood

56
Q

right / left carotid arteries

A

on right / left side of neck
- provide blood to brain
- oxygenated blood

57
Q

superior / cranial & inferior / caudal vena cavae

A

connects to right atrium;
- brings back blood from body
- deoxygenated blood

58
Q

what parts of the circulatory system contain deoxygenated blood ?

A
  • superior / cranial & inferior / caudal vena cavae
  • right atrium
  • tricuspid valve
  • right ventricle
  • pulmonary semilunar valve
  • pulmonary arteries
59
Q

what parts of the circulatory contain oxygenated blood ?

A
  • pulmonary veins
  • left atrium
  • bicuspid / mitral valve
  • left ventricle
  • aortic semilunar valve
  • aorta
60
Q

right / left kidneys

A

filters blood / produces urine
- contains adrenal glands

61
Q

right / left adrenal glands

A

help regulate metabolism, blood pressure, produce hormones
- on top portion of kidneys

62
Q

right / left ureters

A

carries urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

63
Q

urinary bladder

A

temporary storage of urine

64
Q

urethra

A

where urine exits the urinary bladder

65
Q

where is the urinary bladder in a fetal pig ?

A

between the two umbilical arteries

66
Q

right / left testes

A

contain seminiferous tubules;
- produce sperm in seminiferous tubules
- produce testosterone

67
Q

right / left epididymides

A

tightly coiled tubules surrounding testes
- store sperm before they enter the vas deferences

68
Q

right / left vas deferences

A

tube that carries sperm to the urethra
- connects testes to ejaculatory ducts

69
Q

right / left ejaculatory ducts

A

area where sperm is delivered to urethra

70
Q

where is the ejaculatory duct located ?

A

in portion of urethra surrounded by prostate

71
Q

prostate gland

A

add fluids to sperms (seminal fluids)
- muscles in prostate ensure forceful expelling of sperm out urethra

72
Q

where is the prostate gland located ?

A
  • right below the bladder
  • encompassing the ejaculatory duct / urethra
73
Q

right / left seminal vesicles

A

stores / produces majority of seminal fluids

74
Q

where are the seminal vesicles located ?

A
  • vertical bulb behind the prostate
  • connected to the ejaculatory duct
75
Q

seminal fluids vs. sperm

A

seminal fluids protect sperm
- sperm is male sex gamete for fertilization

76
Q

bulbourethral / cowper’s gland

A

lubricate urethra before semen ejaculation
- urine is acidic, needed to ensure sperm in semen don’t die

77
Q

where it the bulbourethral / cowper’s gland located ?

A
  • under prostate gland
  • behind urethra
78
Q

penis

A

urogenital opening where fluids are excreted
- contains erectile tissue

79
Q

vagina

A

opening in the body leading to the uterus
- birth canal

80
Q

uterus

A

where fertilized egg implants and grows

81
Q

cervix

A

opening of the uterus into the vagina
- allows passing of fluids

82
Q

fimbriae

A

catch eggs released by ovaries during ovulation
- pushes eggs into oviducts for fertilization
- finger like projections

83
Q

right / left oviducts

A

(fallopian / uterine tubes) where fertilization happens;
- two of them connected to uterus on left / right

84
Q

right / left ovaries

A

contain all developed eggs
- produce estrogen / progesterone

BIO110 (12 decks)

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