Growth and maturation for aerobic fitness Flashcards Preview

Year 1 Applied Physiology > Growth and maturation for aerobic fitness > Flashcards

Flashcards in Growth and maturation for aerobic fitness Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Define growth

A

Increase in body size, or size of specific body parts

2
Q

Define maturation

A

Process of becoming mature

Progressive acheievement of adult status in terms of morphology, function , complexity

3
Q

Define development

A

Attainment of functional biological and behavioural competences

4
Q

Define chronological age

A

Age from date of birth

5
Q

Define Biological age=

A

The developmental stage of the body systems (chronological and biological age don’t match)

6
Q

What is the difference between growth and maturation?

A

Adult size and dimensions vary

All children eventually reach the same maturity

7
Q

How is growth controlled?

A

Genetic component
Hormones
Nutrition
Environmental

8
Q

What are the three main ways of assessing maturation?

A

Skeletal maturation (x ray scans)
Sexual maturation
Somatic maturation

9
Q

What is the APHV way of assessing maturation

A

Age at peak height velocity
Somatic indicator
Rapid acceleration in the rate of height increase (velocity)
Height velocity nadir as puberty approaches with peak height velocity occurring mid puberty

10
Q

Define v02

A

The rate at which oxygen is consumed by working tissues

11
Q

Define v02 max

A

The maximum rate at which we can consume and use oxygen by working tissues (reflects how well the respiratory, cardiovascular and muscular systems can work together

12
Q

What is absolute v02 max?

A

Measured in l.min
No accounting of body ass
Usually for non weight bearing activities
Heavier person ahs a higher absolute v02 max but doesn’t men they’re fitter

13
Q

What is relative v02 max?

A

Measured in ml/kg.min
Relative to body mass
Usually for weight bearing activities such as running
Body mass explains about 70% of the difference in absolute v02 max

14
Q

What is v02 peak?

A

Highest oxygen consumption
Can’t refer to v02 max in young people
Represents their maximum effort but we tend not to see a plateau unlike v02 max

15
Q

How is v02 max calculated?

A

The Fick equation
=Q x a-v02diff

=(HR x SV) x (arterial 02- venous 02

16
Q

Explain the 2 different views on the influence of v02 peak on growth and maturation

A

For years, research suggested:
Males- as they get into adolescence they’re v02 will increase then it will stabilise
Females- Increase to adolescence then decreases

Alternative analysis:
Males- Progressive increase across puberty
Females- increase into puberty then stable
We’ve now realised that if we divide v02 by body mass, it doesn’t properly account for body mass differences at different ages
Not getting rid of the effect of body mass
This is because body mass and v02 increase at different rates as we get older (body mass will increase faster)

Summary: Contrary to earlier belief, it appears that body mass relative v02 peak increases into adulthood in males and at least to mid adolescence in females