Head

Question 1

23339 – The central sulcus
1: lies in front of the major sensory cortex
2: is the only long sulcus to pass over onto the medial surface of the hemisphere
3: separates the frontal and temporal lobes
4: lies behind the major motor cortex

Answer 1

TTFT
Last (6) PAGE: 495-6

Question 2

15403 – The motor area of the cerebral cortex
1: lies wholly on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere
2: lies in the parietal lobe of the cerebrum
3: is partly supplied by the anterior cerebral artery
4: lies in the precentral gyrus and anterior wall of the central sulcus

Answer 2

FFTT
Refer to Last, 10th Ed, Ch 7, page 457-458

Question 3

22564 – The cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
1: lies medial to the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
2: is surrounded by grey matter
3: lies dorsal to the nucleus of the trochlear nerve
4: connects the fourth ventricle and the subarachnoid space

Answer 3

TTTF
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 583, 596
Connects third and fourth ventricle.
Located in midbrain dorsal to pons and ventral to cerebellum
surrounded by grey matter called peri-aqueduct grey matter

Lies dorsal to the brain stem in the midline. (CNV structures are lateral in the midbrain)

Question 4

20625 – S. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the lateral ventricles of the brain BECAUSE R. the choroid plexus is situated only in the lateral
ventricles

Answer 4

S is true and R is false
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 618

Question 5

14586 – The third ventricle is
1: anterior to the pineal gland
2: marked antero-inferiorly by the optic chiasma
3: superior to the mamillary bodies
4: subdivided by commissural fibres between the two thalami

Answer 5

TTTF
Refer to Last, 10th Ed, page 463
slit like cavity in midline, between two thalami, between right and left lateral ventricals.
interthalamic adhesion runs between the third ventricle which contains neurons and fibres that connect the two thalami

Superior to it is tela coroidea and column of fornix.
inferior is pituitary (anterrior), mamillary body, tegmentum of midbrain.

Posterior is aqueduct of sylveus, posterior commisure, pineal gland, habenular commisure

Anterior inferior is optic chiasm, anterior is lamina terminalis, suprioer is anterior commisure.

https://www.earthslab.com/anatomy/third-ventricle/

Question 6

21568 – The decussation of the pyramids
1: is found at the level of the fourth ventricle
2: involves 25% of corticospinal fibres
3: represents the crossing of the main sensory tract
4: occurs rostral to the ‘sensory’ decussation

Answer 6

FFFF
Last PAGE: 527
1:

2: 90% of the corticospinal tract fibres decussate.

3: corticospinal is primarily motor pathway but also can have somatosensory. 30% primary motor cortex. 30% premotor cortex. 40% somatosensory, parietal, cingulate.

4: Sensory decussation (decussation of the lemnisci) occurs at the superior aspect of the closed medulla, superior to the motor decussation. (posterior column - medial lemniscus pathway

corticospinal travels in the posterior limb of internal capsule. then in spinal cord as lateral corticospinal tract.

Question 7

7814 – A bitemporal hemianopia would be consistent with a localised lesion
of
1: visual cortex
2: an optic tract
3: geniculo-calcarine tracts
4: optic chiasma

Answer 7

FFFT
Last 10th ed, Ch 7
1. Visual cortex - contralateral quadrantanopia with macula sparing if very posterior

2. optic tract - homonomous hemianopia of contralatearal eye field

3:

4: optic chiasm - bitemporal hemianopia

5: optic nerve - complete vision in ipsilatearl eye

Question 8

22859 – The inferior petrosal sinus
1: drains the transverse sinus
2: terminates in the internal jugular vein outside the skull
3: receives the superior petrosal sinus
4: communicates with the basilar venous plexus

Answer 8

FTFT
Last 9th Edition PAGE: 564; 567

Question 9

20367 – S. Extradural haemorrhage arising from rupture of the ascending
part of the frontal branch of the middle meningeal artery may be associated with twitching of muscles on the opposite side of the body BECAUSE R. the sensorimotor cortex lies deep to the frontal branch of the middle meningeal artery

Answer 9

Answer: S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 565

Question 10

20247 – S. Occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery may give rise to visual disturbance BECAUSE R. the visual cortex receives its principal blood supply from the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 10

S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 603

Question 11

21403 – The anterior inferior cerebellar artery
1: commonly gives rise to the labyrinthine artery
2: usually arises from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery
3: is distributed to the superior surface of the cerebellum
4: supplies the medulla oblongata

Answer 11

Answer: TFFF
Last PAGE: 534
1 -
2 - arises from the basilar artery
3-

at the level of the junction between the medulla and pons.
anterior part of undersurface of the cerebellum
supplies the middle cerebellar peduncle, lower lateral pons, anteroinferior surface of the cerebellum, flocculus and the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle.
anastomoses from the PICA and superior cerebellar artery

superior cerebellar artery - immediately below the oculomotor nerve. supplies deep and superior cerebellum, midbrain. superior and middle peduncle. can be cause of trigeminal neuralgia

posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- largest.
- can result in lateral medullary syndrome and also horners syndrome
- winds between vagus and accessory nerve.
- supplies undersurface of cerebellum, choroid plexus of fourth ventricle.

Question 12

20115 – S. Thrombosis of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery causes palatal and pharyngeal paralysis BECAUSE R. the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies the nucleus ambiguous

Answer 12

S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S
Last PAGE: 534

Question 13

22879 – The vertebral artery supplies
1: posterior spinal arteries posterior to the denticulate ligament
2: a posterior inferior cerebellar artery which insinuates between the rootlets of cranial nerves XII, XI and X
3: meningeal branches before penetrating the dura
4: the posterior cerebral arteries directly

Answer 13

TTTF
Last PAGE: 380,472,496
vertebral arteries arise from subclavian artery after bifurcation and before thyrocervical trunk. and enter deep to transverse process at the level of C6 and proceed in transverse foramen to C1. across post arch of C1.

anterior meningeal branch above atlas.
in vertebral part it gives off muscular and spinal branches

Question 14

22028 – The internal carotid artery
1: passes lateral to the anterior clinoid process
2: is distributed to the visual cortex
3: gives off the posterior cerebral artery
4: is distributed to the auditory cortex

Answer 14

FFFT
Last PAGE: 489.
1 - anterior clinoid process of the sphenoid - passes medial to this, mca passes lateral

Question 15

14860 – All of the following are branches of the maxillary artery EXCEPT the
A. ascending pharyngeal artery
B. middle meningeal artery
C. infraorbital artery
D. inferior alveolar artery
E. deep auricular artery

Answer 15

A
Refer to Last, 10th Ed, page 354-355
From the external carotid within parotid gland
Branches
- Deep auricular
-Anterior tympanic
- inferior alveolar —> mylohyoid
-Middle meningeal
- Accessory meningeal (foramen ovale)
- Deep temporal (lateral pterygoid)
- Buccal
pharyngeal
lesser and greater palatine
sphenopalatine
posterior superior alveolar
infraorbital

Question 16

21548 – The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the
1: orbital surface of the frontal lobe
2: auditory and speech areas of the cerebral cortex
3: medial surface of the hemisphere anterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus
4: motor and sensory areas for the opposite leg and perineum

Answer 16

TFTT
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 602

Question 17

24084 – The lingual artery
1: is a branch of the internal carotid artery
2: passes forward along the upper border of the greater horn of the hyoid bone
3: accompanies the lingual nerve
4: lies deep to the hyoglossus muscle

Answer 17

FTFT
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 437
1 - external carotid
2 - yes
3- ? - no lingual nerve trigeminal and joins chordae tympani deep to lateral pterygoid then runs over medial pterygoid and down towards mandible - over hyoglossus
4 - yes

Question 18

15012 – The facial artery is closely related to
1: submandibular salivary gland
2: genio-hyoid muscle
3: superior constrictor of the pharynx
4: digastric muscle

Answer 18

TFTT
Last, 10th Ed, page 334

Arises from anteriomedial surface of external carotid runs above hyoid bone deep to digastric and upwards to reach posterior surface of submanibular gland which is grooves deeply, lying medial to body of mandible. lies on superior constricor directly lateral to palatine tonsil. then inferior around lower border of mandible to cross bone anterior to insertion of masseter (where the artery is easily palpable), then runs superficial in the face towards angle of the mouth and canthus of eye.

geniohyoid is too low

Question 19

20145 – S. A severed labial branch of the facial artery bleeds freely from both ends BECAUSE R. there is an arterial anastomosis across the midline

Answer 19

Answer: S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 451

Question 20

23154 – With regard to the venous drainage of the cerebellum
1: venous drainage is from the surface of the cerebellum into the venous sinuses
2: the superior and posterior surfaces drain mostly into the superior sagittal sinus
3: the inferior surface drains mostly into the great cerebral vein
4: a single vein is formed to drain each hemisphere

Answer 20

TFFF
Last PAGE: 534

superior cerebellar veins drain to the straight rinus and internal cerebral veins.
inferior cerebellar veins drain into transverse sinus, superior petrosal sinus, and occipital.

Question 21

21563 – The midbrain
1: receives blood from the superior cerebellar artery
2: has a decussation of the trochlear fibres dorsal to the aqueduct
3: has a third nerve nucleus dorsal to the aqueduct
4: contains motor nuclei of the seventh cranial nerve

Answer 21

TTFF
Last PAGE: 525.
3 - third nerve nucleus is ventral to the cerebral aqueduct

Question 22

23344 – The pons
1: obtains its blood supply from the branches of the basilar artery
2: lies against the upper part of the clivus
3: has the 5th nerve emerging from its surface
4: has the cerebellum concealing its dorsal surface

Answer 22

TTTT
Last 8th ed. Page: 611

Question 23

21953 – The pons
1: lies dorsal to the labryinthine artery
2: has the sixth cranial nerve on its ventral surface
3: has nuclei of VI and VII nerves within it
4: grooves the basi-occiput above the jugular tubercle

Answer 23

TTTT
Last 10th Ed, Ch 7, page 471-473

Question 24

21553 – The medulla oblongata
1: extends partly through the foramen magnum
2: has the olives lying on its superodorsal aspect
3: gives rise to the middle cerebral peduncle
4: has the superior cerebellar artery as an anterior relation

Answer 24

TFFF
Last PAGE: 530
1.
2. Olives ventral, lateral to the pyramids
3. -inferior peduncle.
4. SCA is above pons, AICA is at superior medullar, PICA is on middle medulla

Cerebral / cerebellar peduncle ? cerebral peduncle is midbrain…
midbrain = superior
pons = middle
medullar = inferior peduncles

Question 25

21558 – The medulla oblongata has the rootlets of the
1: XII nerve attached lateral to the olive
2: X nerve attached lateral to the olive
3: IX nerve attached medial to the olive
4: V nerve arising from the anterior surface

Answer 25

FTFF
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 614
XII medial olive
IX, X lateral olive, XI lateral but inferior

Question 26

20631 – S. Destruction of a major portion of the brain stem causes death BECAUSE R. the caudate nucleus is contained within the brain stem

Answer 26

S is true and R is false
Last PAGE: 512

Question 27

8570 – The oculomotor nerve
1: emerges from the midbrain medial to the cerebral peduncle
2: supplies the levator palpebrae superioris muscle
3: supplies the ciliary muscle
4: contains postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibres

Answer 27

TTTF
Last 10th ed, Ch 6
emerges medial to the cerebral peduncle in the interpeduncular fossa to reach the middle cranial fossa. runs forward in close lateral relation to the posterior communicating artery below margin of tentorium cerebelli. pierces the dura lateral to the posterior clinoid process to enter the roof of the cavernous sinus lying initially high in its lateral wall.

supplies:
- levator palpabrae superioris
- superior rectus
- medial rectus
- inferior rectus
- inferior oblique

Travels with general visceral motor (parasympathetic) fibres from edinger westphal nucleus which go to ciliary ganglion and supply:
- ciliary body
- sphincter pupillae
- uveal tract glands
fibres are pre-ganglionic until gets to the ciliary ganglion?

Sympathetic from internal carotid artery joins the superior division

Question 28

12440, 19318 – The trochlear nerve emerges from
A. anterior surface of midbrain
B. lateral surface of midbrain
C. posterior surface of midbrain
D. lower border of pons
E. posterior surface of pons

Answer 28

C
Last PAGE: 544.
The trochlear nerve fibres decussate completely dorsal to the aqueduct and
emerge from the midbrain below the inferior colliculi on the dorsal surface (C true)

from trochear nucleus in floor of aqueduct in dorsal midbrain, level with upper inferior coliculus

Fibres decussate within substance of the midbrain. emerges from the posterior /dorsal surface of the midbrain
passes lateral to the superior cerebellar peduncle. runs between PCA and SCA. enters roof of cavernous sinus and lateral nerve. crossed medially by oculomotor nerve.
Enters through superior orbital fissure
runs medial above levator palpebrae and pierces superior oblique

Question 29

8580 – The trochlear nerve differs from all other cranial nerves in that it
1: is a purely motor nerve
2: decussates completely with its fellow of the opposite side
3: emerges from the dorsal side of the brain
4: supplies the superior obliquus oculi muscle

Answer 29

FTTT
Last 10th ed, Ch 7

Question 30

21573 – The trochlear nerve
1: has decussating fibres dorsal to the aqueduct
2: emerges below the inferior colliculus
3: courses between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries
4: lies below the oculomotor nerve in the anterior part of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

Answer 30

TTTF
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 636
4 - crossed medially from above down

from trochear nucleus in floor of aqueduct in dorsal midbrain, level with upper inferior coliculus

Fibres decussate within substance of the midbrain. emerges from the posterior /dorsal surface of the midbrain
passes lateral to the superior cerebellar peduncle. runs between PCA and SCA. enters roof of cavernous sinus and lateral nerve. crossed medially from above down by oculomotor nerve.
Enters through superior orbital fissure
runs medial above levator palpebrae and pierces superior oblique

Question 31

18916 – All EXCEPT one of the following statements about the lingual nerve are true
A. it passes between the lateral pterygoid muscle and the mandible
B. it lies on the buccal surface of the mylohoid muscle
C. it crosses medial to the maxillary artery
D. it lies close to the medial aspect of the root of the third molar tooth
E. all its trigeminal fibres are sensory

Answer 31

A
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 416
- one of the major branches of the posterior division of CNV3, deep to lateral pterygoid muscle in the infratemporal fossa
- joined by chorda tympani VII
- between lateral pterygoid and tensor veli palatini and superficial to medial ptergyoid.
- travels along internal surface of mandible deep to mylohyoid muscle in floor of mouth.
- passes lateral to medial under the submandibular gland and enters the lateral margin of the mid tonuge

• entirely sensory from origin but receives secretomotor parasympathetic fibress from special visceral taste from chroda tymani.
• sensory innervation to mucosa of anterior 2/3 of tongue floor of mouth and lingual gingiva.
• branches include sublingual nerve, lingual branches, gingival branches, branches to submandibular and sublingual ganglia (autonomic fibres

Question 32

804 – The maxillary nerve transmits sensation from
1: the third upper molar tooth
2: the dura of the middle cranial fossa
3: the skin over the zygoma
4: the skin of the lower eyelid

Answer 32

TTTT
Last, 10th ed, Ch 6

Question 33

20889 – S. A lesion of the buccal branch of the mandibular nerve may disrupt chewing BECAUSE R. paralysis of the buccinator allows food to lodge in the vestibule between cheek and gum

Answer 33

S is false and R is true
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 448
CNVII supplies buccinator
buccal branch of V3 supplies lateral gum inner cheek mucosa and skin of lower cheek

Question 34

20673 – S. Corneal ulceration may accompany herpes zoster lesions on the tip of the nose BECAUSE R. afferent fibres from both the cornea and the tip of the nose run in the maxillary nerve

Answer 34

Answer: S is true and R is false
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 451

Question 35

22083 – The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve gives motor fibres to the
1: medial pterygoid muscle
2: anterior belly of the digastric muscle
3: tensor palati muscle
4: buccinator muscle

Answer 35

TTTF
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 639

Question 36

24229 – The roots of the fifth cranial nerve contain
1: sensory fibres supplying the lobe of the ear
2: secretory fibres to the lacrimal gland
3: motor fibres to the levator palati muscle
4: motor fibres to the masticatory muscles

Answer 36

FFFT
Last 7th ed. PAGE: 548
secreotomor fibres comes from pteropalatine/submandibular ganglia from sup sal nucleus and travels with facial nerve initially?

3 - Levator palatini motor supplied by cranial accessory N XI (sensation by pharyngeal plexus IX, X via pharyngeal branch of vegus

Question 37

23074 – Paralysis of the sympathetic supply to the eye causes
1: inability to accommodate
2: reduced sweating of the forehead
3: constriction of the pupil
4: ptosis

Answer 37

FTTT
Last 9th Edition PAGE: 519.
Horner’s syndrome - slight constriction of pupil, partial ptosis, reduction of sweating on forehead (unless the lesion is above the superior cervical ganglion)

Question 38

21098 – The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
1: provides the motor root to the ciliary ganglion
2: carries corneal sensation
3: subserves sensation to the lower palpebral conjunctiva
4: subserves sensation to the tip of the nose

Answer 38

FTFT
Last 9th Edition PAGE: 451.
1 - Oculomotor nerve via edinger westphal
2&4 - carries corneal sensation and sensation to tip of nose
3- superior palpebral conjunctiva is frontal and lacrimal branches of trigeminal while inferior palpebral conjunctiva is the infraorbital branch of the maxillary nerve of the trigeminal

Question 39

20289 – S. Damage to the greater petrosal nerve results in a dry eye BECAUSE R. the lacrimal gland indirectly derives its secretomotor innervation from the pterygo-palatine ganglion

Answer 39

S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S
Last 7th Edition PAGE: 437
Greater petrosal is the name of the nerve that the innervation from the superior salivary nuceus runs in with/after running with/as part of the facial nerve

Question 40

24249 – The lingual nerve
1: appears in the infratemporal fossa on the lateral aspect of the lateral pterygoid muscle
2: is a branch of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve
3: runs on the hyoglossus muscle inferior to the hypoglossal nerve
4: enters the mouth by passing between the superior and middle constrictor muscles

Answer 40

FFFT
Last 10th ed. PAGE: 356; 376
1 - deep to lateral pterygoid muscle in the infratemporal fossa
2 - posterior division of the mandibular nerve
3 - runs deep to the mylohyoid

Question 41

24089 – The facial nerve
1: supplies the muscles of the lower lip through its cervical branch
2: emerges from the skull through the stylomastoid foramen
3: divides into upper and lower branches just before or within the substance of the parotid gland
4: emerges from the parotid gland in five main divisions

Question 42

12698 – The hypoglossal nerve
1: emerges from the medulla oblongata medial to the olive
2: emerges from the hindbrain lateral to the pyramid
3: leaves the skull through a canal in the occipital bone
4: supplies intrinsic but not extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 42

TTTF
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla between the pyramid and the olive (1 and 2 true) and leaves the skull through the anterior condylar canal in the occipital bone (3 true). It supplies all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (4 false).

Question 43

24299 – The hypoglossal nerve
1: emerges from the medulla oblongata medial to the olive
2: has its central connections in the hind brain
3: leaves the skull through a canal in the occipital bone
4: supplies intrinsic but not extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 43

TTTF
Last 10th Ed, Ch 7 PAGE: 495, 498
The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the medulla between the pyramid and the olive and leaves the skull through the anterior condylar canal in the occipital bone (3 true). It supplies all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (4 false).

Question 44

21093 – The following muscles are supplied by the cranial part of the accessory nerve
1: the tensor palati
2: the palatoglossus
3: the levator palati
4: the palatopharyngeus

Answer 44

FTTT
Last 9th ed. PAGE: 495
Tensor palati and tensor tympani by the trigeminal
the rest are accessory running with vagus

Question 45

15017 – The epithelia lining the tympanic membrane on meatal and mucosal surfaces are supplied by the
1: auriculo-temporal nerve
2: facial nerve
3: vagus nerve
4: glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 45

TFTT
Refer to Last, 10th Ed, page 407.
TATA
T - tympanic membrane
A - auriculotemporal
T - tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal
A - Auricular of vagas

Question 46

21083 – The auriculotemporal nerve
1: takes origin from the posterior division of the mandibular nerve
2: supplies the temporalis muscle
3: supplies the skin of the tragus
4: supplies the skin of the forehead

Answer 46

TFTF
Last 7th Edition PAGE: 394

Question 47

13974 – The occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle is supplied by
A. the great auricular nerve
B. the greater occipital nerve
C. the auriculotemporal nerve
D. the facial nerve
E. the third occipital nerve

Answer 47

D
Refer to Last, 10th Ed, page 347
occipital - posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
frontal - temporal branch of facial nerve
— both facial

Question 48

23719 – The greater occipital nerve
1: supplies the scalp as far forward as the vertex
2: contains fibres from the third cervical spinal segment
3: is derived from a posterior primary ramus
4: supplies motor fibres to the occipitalis muscle

Answer 48

TFTF
Last 8th ed. Page: 454
2 - C3
3 - posterior primary rami of C2
4 - occipitalis supplied by facial nerve, not cervical plexus

Question 49

19084 – The main sensory nerve to the back of the head is the
A. greater auricular
B. greater occipital
C. posterior auricular
D. lesser occipital
E. third occipital

Answer 49

B
Last 7th Edition PAGE: Plate 33
Greater occipital C2 posterior rami of cervical plexus

Question 50

24169 – The muscles arising from the styloid process are supplied by
1: the facial nerve
2: the hypoglossal nerve
3: the glossopharyngeal nerve
4: the lingual nerve

Answer 50

TTTF
Last 9th ed. Page: 465
stylohyoid CNVII
stylopharyngeus CNIX
styloglossus CNXII

Question 51

772 – S. Parasympathetic innervation is probably most important for salivary secretion because R. atropine abolishes normal reflex salivary secretion.

Answer 51

Answer: S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S
Salivary secretion, amounting to around 1500 ml of saliva per day, is under neural control.
Parasympathetic innervation stimulation causes profuse secretion of watery saliva with a low content of organic material associated with vasodilatation due to the local release of VIP which co-transmits with acetyl choline. Atropine and other cholinergic blocking agents reduce salivary secretion, blocking the normal reflex secretion of saliva (thus both S & R are correct and R validly explains S).
Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the salivary glands causes vasoconstriction; and secretion of small amounts of saliva with a high organic content.

Question 52

19180 – In the submandibular region
A. the deep cervical fascia splits to enclose the submandibular salivary gland
B. submandibular lymph nodes lie superficial to the deep fascia
C. the lingual artery lies on the middle constrictor muscle deep to the hyoglossus muscle
D. the hypoglossal nerve lies superficial to the stylohyoid muscle and emerges from between the internal and external carotid arteries
E. the glossopharyngeal nerve runs superficial to the hyoglossus muscle to reach the tongue

Answer 52

C
Last 7th Edition PAGE: 415 Plate 36

Question 53

15398 – The lateral pterygoid muscle
1: is attached to the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
2: protracts the mandible
3: lies deep to the sphenomandibular ligament
4: is attached to the infratemporal surface of the skull

Answer 53

FTFT
Refer to Last, 10th Ed, Ch 6, page 353
Arises:
- upper head infratemporal surface of SPHENOID bone,
- lower head is lateral surface of pterygoid plate

Inserts: pterygoid fovea below condylar process of MANDIBLE, below intraarticular disc and capsule of temporomandibular joint.

Action: Protrudes mandible and opens mouth by pulling condylar disc forwards
Nerve - lateral pterygoid (anterior dividsion of V3 (mandibular)

Question 54

21488 – The buccinator muscle
1: receives its motor innervation from the mandibular nerve
2: interdigitates with fibres of the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx
3: is pierced by the parotid duct
4: arises partly from the pterygomandibular raphe

Answer 54

FTTT
Last 9th Edition PAGE: 447
1 - innervated by buccal branches of facial nerve

Arises - external alveolar margins of maxilla and mandible by the molar teeth, to maxillary tubercle and pterygoid hamulus and posterior mylohyoid line. then via pterygomanidbular raphe between bones

inserts - decussates at modiolus of mouth and interdigitates with opposite side

action - emptyling the vestibule.
nerve - buccal branch of facial nerve

Question 55

21088 – With respect to the palatine tonsil
1: the base of the tonsil is covered with a layer of fibrous tissue which is an extension of the pharyngo-basilar fascia
2: it lies on the superior constrictor muscle and is embraced by the palatopharyngeus muscle
3: its arterial blood supply is by way of the ascending palatine branch of the lingual artery
4: its lymphatic drainage is directly into the jugulo-digastric node

Answer 55

TTFT
Last 9th ed. PAGE: 490
Blood supply
- ascending palatine branch of the facial artery (not lingual)
- tonsillar branch of facial artery
- ascending pharyngeal branch of external carotid
- dorsal lingual branch of lingual artery
- lesser palatine branch of descending palatine artery

Lymph drainage
- pierce the superior constrictor to reach nodes of the deep cervical group, mostly to the jugulodigastric nodes below the angle of the mandible

Question 56

22164 – The palatine tonsil
1: lies between the palatoglossus muscle in front and the palatopharyngeus muscle behind
2: is related laterally to the superior constrictor muscle
3: drains lymph to the jugulo-digastric node
4: is supplied by the maxillary artery

Answer 56

TTTF
Last’s 9th ed, p490. Question
Blood supply
- ascending palatine branch of the facial artery (not lingual)
- tonsillar branch of facial artery
- ascending pharyngeal branch of external carotid
- dorsal lingual branch of lingual artery
- lesser palatine branch of descending palatine artery
Lymph drainage
- pierce the superior constrictor to reach nodes of the deep cervical group, mostly to the jugulodigastric nodes below the angle of the mandible

Question 57

20895 – S. Scalping causes necrosis of the bones of the cranial vault BECAUSE R. the bones of the cranial vault are supplied by branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 57

S is false and R is true
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 453

Question 58

8565 – Bleeding into the subaponeurotic space of the scalp may track
1: across the midline
2: deep to the temporal fascia
3: into the eyelid
4: to the inferior nuchal line

Answer 58

TFTF
Last 10th ed, Ch 6

Question 59

19923 – The foramen ovale is situated in
A. the frontal bone
B. the temporal bone
C. the ethmoid bone
D. the maxillary bone
E. none of the above

Answer 59

E
Last PAGE: 563
sphenoid bone

Question 60

18898 – The metopic suture is the point of articulation between
A. the two halves of the frontal bone
B. the two parietal bones
C. the occipical and parietal bones
D. the parietal and temporal bones
E. none of the above

Answer 60

A
Last PAGE: 553
separates the two frontal bones at birth and is the first skull suture to close physiologically at 3 months - 8 months

Question 61

22844 – A fracture of the inferior border of the bony orbit may give rise to
anaesthesia of the
1: upper lip
2: inferior conjunctival fornix
3: ala of the nose
4: labial gum of upper incisors and canine

Answer 61

TTTT
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 451, 639
Infraorbital nerve runs along floor of the orbit
- decreased sensation over inferior orbital rim, edge of nose, ipsilateral upper lip

Question 62

23379 – Bones lining the orbital margin include the
1: lacrimal bone
2: zygoma
3: frontal bone
4: maxilla

Answer 62

TTTT
Last PAGE: 430.
Bones surrounding orbit include
- frontal
- zygomatic
- maxilla
- sphenoid
- ethnoid
- lacrimal

Question 63

23389 – The internal auditory meatus transmits the
1: vestibulocochlear nerve
2: nervus intermedius
3: facial nerve
4: labyrinthine artery

Answer 63

TTTT
Last PAGE: 491
1 - CN VIII
2 - Nervus intermedius - Facial nerve leaves the pons as two nerve roots - facial motor and nervus intermedius (containing special visceral sensory, general visceral motor, and somatic sensory.)

Question 64

23364 – The jugular foramen
1: lies between the sphenoid and temporal bones
2: is a foramen entirely within the occipital bone
3: is lateral to the hypoglossal canal (anterior condylar foramen)
4: transmits the vagus nerve

Answer 64

FFTT
Last (8) PAGE: 575, 664.
site - between jugular fossa and petrous temporal bone + occipital bone in posterior cranial fossa

Contains
- Glossopharyngeal IX
- vagus X
- Accessory XI
- Interior petrosal and sigmoid sinus enter and internal jugular vein emerges below

Question 65

23394 – The jugular foramen
1: is grooved medially by the inferior petrosal sinus
2: is occupied partly by the termination of the sigmoid sinus
3: transmits cranial nerves IX, X, XI
4: may be subdivided by ossified septa

Answer 65

TTTT
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 575

Question 66

23374 – The jugular foramen transmits the
1: internal jugular vein
2: glossopharyngeal nerve
3: vagus nerve
4: hypoglossal nerve

Answer 66

FTTF
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 575

Question 67

19641 – For the normal adult Caucasian the total number of permanent
teeth is
A. 24
B. 26
C. 28
D. 32
E. None of the above

Answer 67

D
Last PAGE: 408

Question 68

19833 – Forward dislocation of the head of the mandible is opposed by all of the following EXCEPT
A. tension in the temporo-mandibular ligament
B. the slope of the articular eminence of the temporal bone
C. the posterior fibres of the temporalis muscle
D. the medial pterygoid muscle
E. the lateral pterygoid muscle

Answer 68

E
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 525

Question 69

23384 – Nerves coming into close contact (within 1/2 centimeter) with the periosteum of the mandible include the
1: lingual nerve
2: nerve to mylohyoid
3: hypoglossal nerve
4: mental nerve

Answer 69

TTFT
Last 8th ed. PAGE: 670
hypoglossal and buccal nerve not close to mandible

Question 70

19935 – One of the following nerves is NOT in contact with the mandible
A. the mandibular branch of the facial nerve
B. the lingual nerve
C. the auriculotemporal nerve
D. the mylohoid nerve
E. the buccal nerve

Answer 70

E
Last 8th Edition PAGE: 450, 460
hypoglossal and buccal nerve not close to mandible

Question 71

14092 – S: An incision 0.5 cm inferior and posterior to the angle of the mandible may cause deformity of the mouth when showing the teeth because R: the cervical branch of the facial nerve supplies the muscles of
the lower lip

Answer 71

S is true and R is false
Refer to Last, 10th ed, page 345
mandibular/marginal mandibular branch supplies this area
cervical only supplies platysma

Question 72

14896 – S: An artificial denture may compress the mental nerve because R: absorption of alveolar bone from the edentulous mandible may expose the mental nerve

Answer 72

S is true, R is true and a valid explanation of S
Refer to Last, 10th Ed, page 32-33

Question 73

7700 – S: An apical abscess in a third lower molar tooth points in the neck BECAUSE R: the apex of the third lower molar tooth lies above the mylohyoid line of the mandible

Answer 73

S is true and R is false
Last 10th ed, Ch 6