Head & Spinal Trauma Flashcards Preview

Food Animal Medicine & Surgery > Head & Spinal Trauma > Flashcards

Flashcards in Head & Spinal Trauma Deck (30)
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1
Q

Head trauma

A

Put them on anti-bacterials

2
Q

Spinal lymphoma can be diagnosed how?

A

Can diagnose based on CSF tap, also would have lymphadenopathy (may see on pelvic exam)

3
Q

Most common brain disease in the neonatal ruminant

A

Bacterial meninoencepalomyelitis

4
Q

Bacterial meninoencepalomyelitis - presentation

A

diffuse central neurologic signs(includes brain & spinal cord); often accompanied by fever and evidence of septicemia

5
Q

Bacterial meninoencepalomyelitis - diagnosis

A

Physical findings, ‘meningial signs – hyperesthesia’, suppurative CSF

6
Q

Bacterial meninoencepalomyelitis - differentials

A

hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia(BVD), birth trauma, cerebral anoxia
Less likely: Vitamin A deficiency, other hereditary/congenital brain diseases

7
Q

Bacterial meninoencepalomyelitis - treatment

A

Often hopeless unless treated very early

8
Q

Rabies - presentation

A

Extremely variable but often ascending flaccid paralysis & anesthesia with either normal or abnormal behavior

9
Q

Rabies - diagnosis

A

Course of illness, usually 2 – 7 days; typical signs, especially if aggressive, mandibular or pharyngeal paresis, CSF non-suppurative

10
Q

Rabies - differentials
Abnormal behaviour
Paresis and CR. N. deficits
Paresis only

A

Abnormal behavior : lead poisoning, polio, TME, metabolic disease
Paresis and CR. N. deficits: Listeriosis, brain abscess, other encephalidites
Paresis only: spinal trauma, abscess, lymphoma

11
Q

Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis - Histophilus (Hemophilus )somnus - presentation & diagnosis

A

Presentation: Often sudden death or comatose; standing animal, febrile, stiff
Diagnosis: sudden coma/semi-coma, retinal hemorrhages, suppurative CSF; multi-focal hemorrhagic brain/s.c infarcts on necropsy

12
Q

Thrombotic Meningoencephalitis - Histophilus (Hemophilus )somnus - differentials, treatment & prognosis

A

Differential Diagnosis: Lead poisoning , polioencephalomalacia, Brain abscess, Listeriosis, rabies, head trauma
Treatment & Prognosis: early treatment with antibiotics while animal still standing often successful; very grave for downer animals

13
Q

Listeriosis - presentation

A

in early stages, often only unilateral vestibular or facial paresis with mild to moderate depression

14
Q

Listeriosis - presentation small ruminant

A

often rapid progression to severe depression or semi-coma & recumbency with asymmetric cranial n deficits

15
Q

Listeriosis - diagnosis

A

History of spoiled silage in diet, unilateral Cr. N. deficits, 7- 14 day course of illness(cattle), (2-3 days sheep), non-suppurative CSF

16
Q

Listeriosis - treatment

A

aggressive antibiotic and supportive treatment

17
Q

Listeriosis - prognosis

A

guarded to good depending upon severity of signs (poorer for small ruminants)

18
Q

Polioencephalomalacia - presentation

A

blindness, wandering, head elevation, head pressing; may progress to recumbency

19
Q

Polioencephalomalacia - diagnosis

A

Dietary history, physical condition, bilateral cortical blindness, symmetrical ataxia/paresis, normal CSF, response to treatment (standing animals)

20
Q

Polioencephalomalacia - differentials

A

Lead or salt poisoning, brain abscess, TME, (listeriosis in small ruminants)

21
Q

Polioencephalomalacia - treatment & prognosis

A

Treatment: thiamine
Prognosis: often excellent in cattle; guarded in any downer animal

22
Q

Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System - name 8

A
Traumatic nerve injuries
Otitis media/interna
Spastic paresis
Spastic syndrome
Tetanus
Botulism
Organophosphate/TOCP poisoning
Lymphoma, Neurofibromatosis
23
Q

Distal Radial

Paralysis

A

ans

24
Q

Brachial Plexus Paralysis (high radial nerve injury posture)

A

Elongation of the triceps

25
Q

Sciatic paralysis

A

Very prone to this, often at the level of the sacrum, compression neuropathy common cause. Can recover from them but nursing care is important
Typical posutre
May have peroneal nerve involvement
Will luxate their fetlot with tibial nerve paresis
Weakness in the extensors of the digit

26
Q

Tibeal nerve paralysis

A

Causes a dropped hock & uniquely a forward luxation of the fetlock which we usually associated with a peroneal problem.

27
Q

Obturator paresis

A

OFten due to getting up after calving

28
Q

Sciatic/Oburator

Paralysis

A

Common, splayed legs

Due to pressure of calf on the pelvis.

29
Q

Spastic Paresis (Elso Heel)

A

Limbs swining off the ground, spastic extsnsion

30
Q

Spastic Syndrome

A

ans