Head and neck 4

Question 1

The pharynx is a tube lined by mucous membrane and has a skeleton of _______. It extends from ____ to ____.

Answer 1

Cartilage, C3 to C6.

Question 2

What is each of the arrows pointing to?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the black box pointing to?

What is the lower part of this structure going to form?

Answer 3

Question 4

What is the black box showing and what will the upper part form?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the name of the area between the two vocal folds termed?

Answer 5

Rima glottis.

Question 6

Answer 6

From the superior aspect, you will probably only be seeing the vestibular fold.

Question 7

What are each of these muscles called?

Answer 7

Question 8

What is this muscle, what is it innervated by and what is its action?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is this muscle and what is its action?

Answer 9

Thyroarytenoid cartilage: relax the vocal fold.

Question 10

What is this muscle and what is its function?

Answer 10

Lateral crico-arytenoid cartilage: adducts focal folds therefore closing the rima glottis.

Question 11

What are these two muscles’ names and their function?

Answer 11

These will adduct the focal folds, therefore, closing the rima glottis.

Question 12

What is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 12

All innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve BUT the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve.

Question 13

What is this muscle and its function?

Answer 13

Narrow the opening to the larynx and preventing swallowed material from entering.

Question 14

What is this muscle and the function?

Answer 14

Posterior crico-arytenoid: abducts the vocal folds therefore making the rima glottidis larger.

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

The laryngeal nerves are derived from the _______ nerve.

Answer 16

vagus

Question 17

The superior laryngeal nerve gives off two branches….

Answer 17

internal and external laryngeal nerve.

Question 18

The ___________ nerve pierces the ________ membrane to supply the ……

Answer 18

internal laryngeal nerve pierces the thyroid membrane to supply the sensory information to the laryngeal mucosa ABOVE the vocal volds.

Question 19

What does the external laryngeal nerve supply?

Answer 19

It descends with the superior thyroid artery to supply the cricothyroid muscle.

Question 20

Explain the course of the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves.

What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply?

Answer 20

On the right side it crosses subclavian artery, this is where the recurrent is given off to head upward. Lies in grove between trachea and oesophagus. Thyroid gland literally sits on it on the front.

On the left side things are different. It goes between subclav vein and artery. Enters thoracic inlet. Crosses arch of aorta and this is where it gives off recurrent laryngeal. Runs in the grove again between trachea and oesophagus.

Question 21

What supplies sensation below the vocal folds?

Answer 21

Recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Question 22

What is this muscle and what is its function?

Innervation?

Answer 22

Mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the mouth.

It is innervated by mylohyoid nerve which is a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (V3).

Action: Elevate hyoid bone, raises oral cavity floor, elevates tongue, depress mandible.

Question 23

What are these muscles, its innervation and their action?

Answer 23

Geniohyoid

Innervated by C1 via the hypoglossal nerve.

Action: elevates the hyoid bone OR depresses the mandible (depending on which is stable).

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

How many teeth are there and the different types?

Answer 25

2 incisors, 1 canines, 2 premolars, 3 molars.

Question 26

What is this nerve, where did it come from and what does it supply?

Answer 26

Lingual nerve from V3. Supplies general sensation to anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and floor of the oral cavity.

Question 27

What is this nerve, what is it a branch of and what does it supply?

Answer 27

Chorda tympani nerve is a branch of facial (CN7). Joins lingual nerve and supplies special sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue. Also gives parasympathetic fibres to the submandibular ganglion.

Question 29

What is this nerve, what does it give rise to, where has it come from and its function?

Answer 29

Inferior alveolar nerve: arises from mandibular nerve, gives rise to mental nerve and has a branch called mylohyoid nerve.

Question 30

What is this nerve, where is it situated, what does it supply?

Answer 30

Maxillary nerve supplies sensation to the maxillary area of the face. Sits in the pterygopalatine fossa.

Question 31

What are these nerves, what are they a branch of and what do they supply?

Answer 31

Greater and lesser palatine nerves from the maxillary nerve. Supply sensation to hard and soft palate.

Question 32

What nerve is this, where has it come from and what does it supply?

Answer 32

The nasopalatine nerve supplies the hard palate. Comes from the maxillary nerve.

Question 33

Which is the nasal nerve and what does it supply?

Answer 33

Enters the nasal cavity to supply the lateral walls and septum.

Question 34

What nerve is this, where has it come from and what does it supply?

Answer 34

The pharyngeal nerve is from maxillary and passes posteriorly to supply the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.

Question 35

What is this nerve, where does it come from and what does it supply?

Answer 35

The posterior superior alveolar nerve comes from the maxillary and supplies the posterior superior teeth.

Question 36

What is this nerve, where has it come from and what does it supply?

Answer 36

Anterior superior alveolar nerve which is a branch of the infraorbital nerve which supplies the upper anterior portion of the teeth.

Question 37

The glossopharyngeal nerve leave the skull through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. It gives off one sensory branch called _________ which goes the the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

The jugular foramen, pharyngeal branch which goes to the sensory mucosa of the oropharynx (provides both general sensation and special sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue).

Question 38

Which motor functions does glossopharyngeal nerve have?

Answer 38

Supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle. Supplies the parotid gland through the auriculotemporal nerve.

Question 39

What nerve is this? What does it supply?

Answer 39

- General sensation to the mucosa of oropharynx. - Special sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. - Motor to the stylopharyngeus. - Parotid gland via the lesser petrosal nerve.