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Flashcards in Head And Neck Deck (39)
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0
Q

Nerves of anterior cervical region

A

Transverse cervical nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Glossipharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve - R/L- right recurrent laryngeal nerve / left recurrent laryngeal nerve

1
Q

Carotid sheath

A

Superior to thyroid cartilage
Lateral boundary of retro pharyngeal space
Contents: CCA( bifurcates within carotid sheath ) , ICA, IJV, vagus nerve CN X, cervical lymph nodes

2
Q

Common carotid artery

A

Branch of brachiocepahlic trunk- arch of aorta
Branches are right common carotid artery
RCC- external and internal carotid artery

3
Q

External carotid artery branches :

A

superior thyroid , lingual, facial ( branch as angular artery), occipital , superficial temporal , post auricular , ascending laryngeal artery

4
Q

Internal carotid artery

A

Opthalmic artery

5
Q

Maxillary artery

A
  • branch of ECA
  • branches off as :
    • inferior alveolar artery, middle meningeal artery
6
Q

Subclavian Artery

A
From brachiocephalic trunk
Branches are: 
1st part- vertebral artery , internal thoracic , thyrocervical trunk
2nd part- costocervical trunk
3rd part-  dorsoscapular artery
7
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk

A

From arch of aorta
Branches off as :
Right subclavian artery
Right common carotid Artery

8
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

A

Supra scapular artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Transverse cervical Artery

9
Q

Parotid gland

A
Largest 
Irregular shape 
Anteroinferior to external acoustic meatus 
Apex-Posterior to angle of mandible 
Base- zygomatic arch
10
Q

Parotid duct

A

Anterior edge of parotid gland
Pierces buccinator
Innervation - Glossipharyngeal nerve

11
Q

Orbit

A
A base , four walls, and Apex
Superior wall/ Roof- frontal bone 
Medial wall- ethmoid bone
Lateral wall- frontal zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid bone 
Inferior wall/ floor- maxilla
Apex - optic canal
12
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Almond shape
Lies in the fossa of lacrimal gland
8-12 secretory ducts
Lacrimal fluid- CN VII
Fluid goes to nasal cavity through nasal lacrimal duct , where fluid goes posteriorly to nasopharnyx and is swallowed
Nerve supply- facial nerve superior cervical ganglion sympathetic

13
Q

Extra ocular muscles

A

Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior inferior medial and lateral rectus
Superior and inferior obliques
Fn: moves superior eyelid and eyeballs
Innervation: LR6SO4AO3( lateral rectus- CN 6,superior oblique-CN 4, andAll Others- CN 3

14
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Location: lesser wing of sphenoid
action: elevate superior eyelid
Innervation: oculomotor nerve

15
Q

Superior rectus

A

Origin: common tendenious ring
Innervation: oculomotor nerve
Action: abducts elevates and rotates eyeball laterally

16
Q

Inferior rectus:

A

O-common tendinous ring
I- oculomotor nerve
A- depresses adducts and rotates eyeball laterally

17
Q

Medial rectus

A

O: common tendinous ring
I: oculomotor nerve
A: adducts eyeball

18
Q

Lateral rectus

A

O: common tendinous ring
I: abducent nerve
A: abduct eyeball

19
Q

Superior oblique

A

O: body of sphenoid bone
I: trochlear nerve
A: abducts depresses and rotates eyeball medially ( in torsion)

20
Q

Inferior obliques

A

O: anterior part of the floor of orbit
I: oculomotor nerve
A: abducts elevates and rotates eyeball laterally

21
Q

Nerves in orbit

A

Optic nerves

Also oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducent nerve

22
Q

3 branches of Opthalmic nerves also supply to orbit ???

A

Lacrimal nerve- sensory
Frontal nerve- supratrochlear, supraorbital ( sensory)
Nasociliary nerve- sensory - infratrochlear-long ciliary nerves– sympathetic - ethmoidal nerves
Short ciliary nerve- ciliary ganglion -sympathetic

23
Q

Blood supply to orbit

A

Opthalmic artery-from internal carotid artery

Infra orbital artery- external carotid artery

24
Q

Temporal fossa boundaries:

A
Posterior and superior - superior and inferior temporal lines 
Anterior- frontal and zygomatic bones 
Lateral - zygomatic arch 
Inferior- infratemporal crest
Floor: pterion 
Roof: temporalis fascia
25
Q

Temporal fossa contents :

A

Temporalis muscle
Superficial temporal artery
Deep temporal arteries and veins

26
Q

Infratemporal fossa boundaries:

A

Inferior to zygomatic arch
Boundaries:
Lateral: mandibular ramus
Medial: lateral pterygoid muscle
Anterior: posterior aspect of maxilla
Posterior: Tympanic plate mastoid and styloid processes
Superior: inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid bone
Inferior: attachment of medial pterygoid at an angle of mandible

27
Q

Infratemporal fossa: contents

A
Inferior temporalis muscle 
Lateral and medial pterygoid muscle 
Maxillary artery 
Pterygoid venous plexus 
Mandibular, inferior alveolar , lingual, buccla and chordae tympani nerves
28
Q

Oral cavity

A

Space posterior and medial upper and lower dental arches
Boundaries: anterior and lateral: maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches
Roof: palate
Posterior: Oropharnyx

29
Q

Emissary veins

A

Connect dural venous sinuses with veins of outside the cranium

30
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A

Involves CN II and CN III
Is the rapid constriction of pupil in response to light
When the light enters an eye, both pupil constrict because each retina send fibers to to optic tract
Parasympathetic- constrict
Sympathetic - dilation : cervical sympathetic chain- thoracolumbar part

31
Q

Corneal reflex

A

Absence of the blink shows lesion of CN V1 and CN V2

Presence of lens abolishes evoke the reflex

32
Q

TMJ joint temporalmandibular joint

A

Modified hinge joint
Joint capsule is loose
Lateral ligament strengthen laterally
Stylomandibular ligament - parotid gland- styloid process to angle of mandible
Sphenomandibular ligament- spine of sphenoid to lingula of mandible
These ligaments connect mandible to cranium
Movements are produced by muscles of mastication

33
Q

Movement of TMJ joint

A

Elevation depression
Protrusion retrusion
Lateral movements

34
Q

Elevation closes mouth muscles are:

A

Temporalis masseter and medial pterygoid

35
Q

Depression - open mouth - muscles

A

Lateral pterygoid and suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

36
Q

Protrusion muscles

A

Lateral pterygoid masseter and medial pterygoid

37
Q

Retrusion muscles

A

Temporalis and masseter

38
Q

Lateral movements muscles

Grinding and chewing

A

Temporalis pterygoid opposite sides and masseter