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CPD > Head/Neck > Flashcards

Head/Neck Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the skull

A

22

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2
Q

Cranium is composed of what

A

skull minus the mandible

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3
Q

Calvarium

A

Upper domed part of the cranium

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4
Q

Base

A

Floor of the cranial cavity

sphenoid/temporal/occipital

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5
Q

Facial skeleton

A

Nasal
Palatine
Lacrimal
Zygomatic

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6
Q

Stand behind skull to visualize

A

External occipital protuberance

Mastoid process

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7
Q

Bregma/ Lambda

A

Cranial sutures seen from the top in infants

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8
Q

When do frontal sutures begin to solidify

A

2 years, complete ossification at 6 years

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9
Q

Blood supply to calvarium

A

Middle meningeal arteries

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10
Q

Layers of SCALP

A

S- Skin (sweat/sebaceous glands)
C- Connective tissue (well vascularized/innervated)
A- Aponeurosis epicranialis ( galea aponeurotica)
L- Loose connective tissue- allows scalp to be mobile
P- Pericranium (periosteium)

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11
Q

Galeal prevents what

A

Superficial lacerations to gape open

Deep lacerations in the galeal will gape widely

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12
Q

Branches of the internal carotid

A

Supratrochlear

Supraorbital

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13
Q

Branches of external carotid

A

Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular
Occipital

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14
Q

Vertical elongation of the face takes place when

A

Growth of the maxilla between the ages of 6 and 12

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15
Q

Muscles of facial expression are supplied by which cranial nerve

A

facial

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16
Q

levator palpebrae superioris is supplied by what

A

Occulomotor

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17
Q

What innervates for sensation of the skin of the face

A

CN V

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18
Q

Innervation of maxillary prominence and upper lip

A

CN V2

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19
Q

What innervates the mandibular pronience, lower lip and chin

A

V3

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20
Q

Innervation of muscle of mastication

A

CN V3

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21
Q

Sensory innervation of cheeks and branches

A

CNVII-2, and CN VII-3

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22
Q

How many teeth in mouth

A 
16 on each jaw (32 total)
each side of single jaw has:
2 incisors 
1 canine 
2 premolars 
3 molars
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23
Q

What seperates tongue in half

A

Fibrous lingual septum

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24
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hypglossus
Styloglossus
palato- glossus

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25
Q

What supplies all the muscles of the tongue except the palato glossus

A

hypoglossal CN XII Hypoglossal

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26
Q

Artery of the tongue

A

lingual artery

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27
Q

Arterial blood supply to the calvarium is mainly

A

middle meningeal

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28
Q

the face is richly supplied with arteries

A

facial (main supply),

superficial temporal and transverse facial.

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29
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

superior longitudinal (curls the tip and side superiorly making the dorsum concave),

 inferior longitudinal (curls the tip inferiorly, making the 
dorsum convex), 
the transverse (narrows and increases the height of 
the tongue)

and the vertical (flattens and broadens the tongue and
acting with the transverse muscle, it increases the length of the tongue).

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30
Q

filiform papillae containing taste buds

A

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

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31
Q

part of the tongue contains no taste

buds

A

mucus membrane of the oropharyngeal part

32
Q

What gives the hard palate mucosa an “orange-peel” appearance

A

Minor salivary mucus secreting glands are abundant in the

hard palate

33
Q

What prevents the Regurgitation of food into the nasopharynx

A

soft palate

34
Q

The palatine muscles main function is to

A

to protect the nasopharynx (closes it

off) during swallowing

35
Q

Palatine muscles

A

levator veli palatini (elevation),
tensor veli palatini (tensor),
palatoglossal (elevator of tongue and draws the soft
plate down on to the tongue- closes the oropharyngeal isthmus),
palatopharyngeus (tenses the soft palate and pulls the walls of the pharynx upward forward and medially during swallowing)
musculus uvulae
(assists in closing the nasopharynx during swallowing).

36
Q

Nerve supply to Tensor veli palatini

A

CN V3

37
Q

What supplies the rest of the palatine muscles besides tensor veli palantini

A

accessory nerve CN X1 via the vagus

nerve, which it joins near the jugular foramen.

38
Q

Sensory nerve for the palatine nerves

A

Originate from branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion. These are (greater palatine, lesser palatine and nasopalatine).

39
Q

Blood supply to palatine nerves

A 
maxillary artery (greater palatine, lesser 
palatine) and from a branch of the facial artery (ascending palatine).
40
Q

largest of the paired salivary glands

A

parotid gland

41
Q

What part of the paratoid overlaps the masseter muscle

A

anterior portion of the superficial lobe

42
Q

another name for parotid duct

A

Stetson duct

43
Q

What nearly fills the submandibular/digastric triangle

A

The submandibular gland

44
Q

ANother name for submandibular gland

A

Whartons

45
Q

smallest of the three paired salivary

glands and is the most deeply situated

A

Sublingual gland

46
Q

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by

A 
CN X1 (spinal 
accessory) and raises the sternum during respiration and tilts the head in looking up.
47
Q

The posterior triangle is bounded by

A

the posterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle anteriorly, posteriorly by the anterior border of the trapezius muscle, and inferiorly (base) by the medial third of the clavicle.

48
Q

Posterior triangle contains

A

external jugular vein, the third
portion of the subclavian artery, the accessory nerve (CN X1), the roots of the brachial plexus (appearing between the scalenus medius and scalenus anterior), and the phrenic nerve.

49
Q

Distension of the external jugular vein

may indicate

A

heart failure, superior vena cava obstruction, enlarged

supraclavicular nodes or increased intrathoracic pressure

50
Q

The anterior (cervical) triangle is bounded by

A

the anterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle posteriorly, the anteromedian line of the neck anteriorly and the base (superiorly) is the inferior border of the mandible and a line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process.
The anterior and posterior borders meet at the jugular notch (apex of triangle).

51
Q

The anterior triangle contains

A

thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx,

pharynx, lymph nodes, submandibular salivary glands and fat.

52
Q

All lymphatic vessels from the head and neck

drain into

A

deep cervical lymph nodes.

53
Q

the largest of the endocrine glands and is situated in

the anterior neck just caudal to the thyroid cartilage and lies over and on either side of the trachea.

A

Thyroid gland

54
Q

The isthmus lies

A

in front of tracheal rings 2, 3 and 4 (caudal to the cricoid cartilage).

55
Q

A portion of thyroid tissue termed the pyramidal lobe

A

an embryonic vestige of the thyroglossal

duct, may extend upwards from the isthmus/right lobe.

56
Q

The lateral lobe (on either side) lies

A

deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, along the

side of the trachea and reaches up to the superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage.

57
Q

parathyroid glands usually lie

A

on the posterolateral surface of the lateral lobes, two on either side

58
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerves are in close relation on the medial aspect of this gland, running in the grooves between the trachea and esophagus

A

parathyroid glands

59
Q

2 distinct cell types in thyroid gland

A

a) follicular cells which concentrate and
organify iodine and involved in thyroid hormone synthesis and b)
parafollicular or “c” cells which secrete calcitonin which has a minor role
in serum calcium concentration. The hormones elaborated by the
follicular cells are thyroxine (T4) and triiodthyronine (T3). T3 is the main
form of the active hormone

60
Q

The parathyroids are

important endocrine glands regulating

A

body calcium

61
Q

odes are posterior to the ears near
the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the mastoid
process. Lymph drainage is from the posterolateral half of the scalp

A

Mastoid (post-auricular)

62
Q

The most superior of the deep cervical nodes is
called the jugulo-digastric (tonsillar). It is a single node located where
the posterior belly of the digastric crosses the internal jugular vein.
Lymph drainage is from the tonsils and tonsillar regions.

A

Deep Upper cervica

63
Q

node is the highest of the
lower deep nodes and drains the tongue. Lymph drainage from the
pre-auricular, parotid, submandibular and submental nodes drain
directly into the deep cervical nodes. Lymph drainage from the deep
nodes form the right and left jugular trunks and empty into the right
lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct respectively

A

Deep Lower cervical- The jugulo-omohyoid

64
Q

Actinic damage-

A

atrophy with erythema or leukoplakia with marked
thickening. Both can occur congruously. Leukoplakia is a white
patch that cannot be scraped off and can be premalignant.
Smoking/chewing tobacco is also implicated in the causation of
leukoplakia.

65
Q

Angular cheilitis

A

angular cheilitis/stomatitis manifests itself as deep cracks or splits at the labial commissure, or corner of the mouth, and often occurs bilaterally. The initial onset of angular cheilitis is often due to nutritional deficiencies, such as riboflavin, iron and zinc.

66
Q
  • Koplik spots
A

measles

67
Q

Partial anodontia

A

Missing teeth

68
Q

Supernumery teeth

A

Gardner syndrome

69
Q

Congenital abnormalities of mouth

A

Cleft lip/palate

Hutchinson’s incisors (from congenital syphilis)

70
Q

hypoglossal nerve lesions result in

A

deviation towards the

side of the lesion

71
Q

soft palate neurologic deficit or occult neoplasm results in

A

neurologic deficit it is deviated towards the intact side

72
Q

Dryness of the mouth

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

73
Q

Sialoliths

A

calcified organic matter that forms within the secretory system of the major salivary glands.

74
Q

downward “tugging” of the trachea

A

suggest an aortic aneurysm.

75
Q

Inspect and palpate for tracheal alignment (deviation)

A

Deviation may be a sign of a mass or

tension pneumothorax pushing, or collapse lungs or scaring pulling, the trachea.

CPD (12 decks)

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