Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Headand Neck Deck 3 > Flashcards

Headand Neck Deck 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

tears via the nasolacrimal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A

frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal cells, and maxillary sinus via a groove called the semilunar hiatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What bulge covers the mucosa superior to the semilunar hiatus?

A

ethmoidal bulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What drains into the superior meatus?

A

posterior ethmoidal cells, sphenoid sinus (which drains via the sphenoethmoidal recess)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the frenulum?

A

The fold in the midline of the tongue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does submandibular fluid get to mouth?

A

travels in submandibular ducts, running anteriorly and draining in sublingual caruncle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bones make up the nasal septum?

A

ethmoid bone (superiorly), vomer bone (inferiorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What separates the nasal septum from the nasopharynx?

A

two choanae (separated by the vomer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

ethmoid bone, including the superior and middle conchae, the inferior concha, palatine bone (posteriorly) maxillary and lacrimal bones (anteriorly).
NOTE: the sphenoid bone is posterior to the palatine bone and not part of the nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four pairs of air sinuses that surround the nasal cavity?

A

superior: frontal sinus
lateral / inferior: maxillary sinus
lateral / superior: ethmoid air cells
posterior: sphenoid sinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain?

A

sphenoethmoidal recess superior to the superior concha of the nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the ethmoid air cells drain?

A

superior meatus and middle meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where do the frontal and maxillary sinuses drain?

A

middle meatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nerves supply para / simp / general afferent / special afferent innervation to the nasal cavity?

A 
Olfactory nerve (I) - smell
Ophthalmic nerve (V1) - GA to anterior 1/3rd.
Maxillary nerve (V2) - GA to posterior 2/3rd
Fascial nerve (VII) - paraympathetic
Superior cervical ganglion - sympathetic.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the five arterial branches that supply blood to the nasal septum

A

1) anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries (from ophthalmic artery.)
2) lateral nasal and superior labial arteries (from facial artery.)
3) sphenopalatine artery (from maxillary artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What bone separates the nasal cavity from the anterior cranial fossa?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What plane does the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone lie?

A

It is in the mid-sagital plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the olfactory neurons located?

A

In the nasal septum (they synapse with other neurons in the olfactory bulb).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerves innervate the nasal septum?

A

anterior 1/3rd: anterior ethmoidal nerves (from nasociliary / V1)
posterior 2/3rd lateral wall: posterior nasal nerves.
posterior 2/3rd septum: nasopalatine nerve

20
Q

What are the attachments of the superior constrictor?

A

pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the skull, pterygomandibular raphe (where it meets the buccinator)

21
Q

Where does the middle constrictor attach anteriorly?

A

hyoid bone

22
Q

Where does the inferior constrictor attach anteriorly?

A

thyroid and cricoid cartilages

23
Q

Where does the salpingopharyngeus attach?

A

attaches to the torus tubarius superiorly and blends with the palatopharyngeus inferiorly.

24
Q

What innervates the mucosa of the nasopharynx?

A

maxillary nerve V2 and some glossopharyngeal for the inferior part.

25
Q

What innervates the mucosa of the oropharynx?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve IX

26
Q

What innervates the laryngopharynx and esophagus?

A

vagus nerve X and some glossopharyngeal for the superior part.

27
Q

What muscles elevate the larynx?

A

suprahyoid muscles (stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid) and the thyrohyoid.

28
Q

What muscles depress the larynx?

A

Most of the infra hyoid muscles (omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid)

29
Q

What does the cricothyroid muscle do?

A

Pulls thyroid cartilage inferiorly, stretching and tensing the vocal ligaments.

30
Q

What is the space between the vocal ligaments called?

A

glottis

31
Q

What muscle abducts the vocal chords?

A

posterior crico-arytenoids

32
Q

What innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

vagus nerve X

33
Q

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except one are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve - what’s the exception?

A

cricothyroid is innervated by the external laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve.

34
Q

What innervates the mucosa of the larynx?

A

internal laryngeal nerve: superior to the vocal folds.

Inferior laryngeal nerve: inferior to the vocal folds

35
Q

What causes high vs. low pitch?

A

high pitch: tensing / lengthening vocal ligaments = cricothyroid & lowering larynx.
low pitch: relaxing / shortening the vocal ligaments = vocalis & raising the larynx.

36
Q

What are the three groups of smooth muscles within the globe of the eye

A 
ciliary muscles (allows for focusing = accommodation)
sphincter pupillae (makes pupil smaller)
dilator pupillae (makes pupil bigger)
37
Q

What path do sympathetic neurons take to reach the dilator pupillae?

A

superior cervical ganglion -> ophthalmic artery -> ciliary ganglion (no synapse) -> short ciliary nerve of V1 -> muscle

38
Q

What path do the parasympathetic neurons take to reach the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle?

A

oculomotor (III) -> ciliary ganglion (synapse) -> short ciliary nerves of V1 -> muscle

39
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome and what symptoms does it present?

A

interruption in sympathetic innervation of the head: pupil is constricted, upper eyelid droops, decrease in sweating, flushed skin.

40
Q

What innervates the eyeball and the eyelids?

A

eye ball / upper eyelid: V1

lower eyelid: V2

41
Q

How do we look up?

A

inferior oblique (up, out, extortion) + superior rectus (up, in, intorsion)

42
Q

How do we look down?

A

superior oblique (down, out, intorsion) + inferior rectus (down, in, extortion

43
Q

How do you test the obliques?

A

1) have patient adduct the eye (medial rectus)
2) then have patient look up (inferior oblique)
3) then have patient look down (superior oblique)

44
Q

What two muscles cause forward gaze from downward gaze?

A

inferior oblique + superior rectus

45
Q

How do you test the superior and inferior rectus muscles?

A

1) have patient abduct the eye (lateral rectus)
2) have patient look up (superior rectus)
3) have patient look down (inferior rectus)

Anatomy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions