health

Question 1

coronary heart disease occurs when

Answer 1

coronary arteries which supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood become blocked or start to narrow by gradual build up of fatty deposits

Question 2

atherosclerosis

Answer 2

occurs when arteries harden and narrow as they become clogged up by fattu deposits

Question 3

atheroma

Answer 3

a fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery

Question 4

what can cause atherosclerosis

Answer 4

high blood pressure
high levels of cholesterol
lack of exercise
smoking

Question 5

angina

Answer 5

chest pain that occurs when the blood supply through the coronary arteries to the muscles of the heart is restricted

Question 6

what can cause blood clots

Answer 6

if a piece of fatty deposit (atheroma) breaks off in the coronary artery it can cause a blood clot which results in a blockage forming
- this can cut off the supply of oxygenated blood to the heart muscles resulting in a heart attack

Question 7

why is exercise good for the heart

Answer 7

1. bigger and stronger so it can pump out more blood around the body resulting in increased stroke volume
2. maintains flexibility of blood vessels ensuring good blood flow, normal blood pressure and low cholesterol levels

Question 8

blood pressure

Answer 8

is the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall.
- the pressure comes from the heart as it pumped the blood around the body

Question 9

effects of high blood pressure

Answer 9

puts extra strain on the arteries and heart and increases risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke

Question 10

what can you do to lower blood pressure

Answer 10

aerobic exercise

- it lowers both systolic and diastolic pressure by up to 5-10mmHg which reduces the risk of heart attack by up to 20%

Question 11

two types of cholesterol

Answer 11

LDL: transport cholesterol in the blood to tissue and are linked to increased risk of heart disease

HDL: transport the excess cholesterol in the blood back to the liver where it is broken down and there is lower risk of developing heart disease

Question 12

effects of exercise on cholesterol

Answer 12

regular exercise lowers LDL and significantly increases HDL

Question 13

stroke

Answer 13

occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off causing damage to brain cells so they start to die

Question 14

2 main types of stroke

Answer 14

• Ischaemic strokes are most common form and occur when a blood clot stops the blood supply
• haemorrhagic strokes occur when a weakened blood vessel supplying the brain bursts